ArticleSAGE open medicine2019
Rural-urban comparison of routine immunization utilization and its determinants in communities in Anambra States, Nigeria.
Article in SAGE open medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Residential differentials in prevalence and factors associated with tetanus toxoid uptake among women of reproductive age in Nigeria: a Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey analysis (MICS 2021).BMC public health · 2026Article
- Urban-Rural Disparities in Non-Adherence to Iron Supplementation Among Pregnant Women Aged 15 to 49 in Sub-Saharan Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Understanding caregivers' and community influencers' perspectives on the barriers to childhood immunisation in Northern Nigerian States with public-private partnerships in routine immunisation programme.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Evaluation of immunization service delivery in primary healthcare centers in Akinyele and Lagelu local government areas, Oyo State, Nigeria.SAGE open medicine · 2025Article
- Trends of non-vaccination, under-vaccination and missed opportunities for vaccination (2003-2014) amongst children 0-23 months in Kenya.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Factors associated with immunization status among children aged 12-59 months in Lagelu local government area, Ibadan: a cross-sectional study.The Pan African medical journal · 2024Review
- Article
- Age-appropriate vaccination and associated factors among children aged 12-35 months in Ethiopia: A multi-level analysis.PloS one · 2024Article
- Factors affecting caregivers' participation in support groups for people living with HIV in Tanzania.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Disparities in full immunization coverage among urban and rural children aged 12-23 months in southwest Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Age-appropriate vaccination coverage and its determinants in children aged 12-36 months in Nepal: a national and subnational assessment.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Factors associated with incomplete immunisation in children aged 12-23 months at subnational level, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2021Article
- Associated Factors for Dropout of First Vs Third Doses of Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis (DPT) Vaccination in Nepal.Advances in preventive medicine · 2021Article
- Timeliness of routine vaccination among children and determinants associated with age-appropriate vaccination in Mongolia.Heliyon · 2020Article
- Timely completion of vaccination and its determinants among children in northwest, Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Inequalities in Rotavirus Vaccine Uptake in Ethiopia: A Decomposition Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe study determined the levels of geographic differences in the utilization of routine immunization between households in an urban and a rural community. It also identified and compared the determinants of utilization of routine immunization in the two geographic areas.
methodThe study was undertaken in two randomly selected communities (one rural and one urban) in Anambra State, Nigeria. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect information on utilization of immunization services from households. Data were analyzed using descriptive and multiple logistic regression analyses.
resultHouseholds in the urban community had a higher level of utilization of routine immunization (95.5%) than those in the rural community (75.3%) and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). It was also found that more rural dwellers (83.3%) received immunization services from public health facilities compared to the urban dwellers (42%; p < 0.05). Health facilities were nearer to households in the urban community than the rural community (p < 0.05). Mean cost of service per visit was higher in the urban community (p < 0.05), but the difference in the mean cost of transportation per visit was not significant (p = 0.125). Regression analysis shows that place of residence was highly significant for utilization of routine immunization services (p < 0.05).
conclusionUrban-rural differences exist in utilization of routine immunization services. Health facilities are more proximal to consumers in the urban community than the rural community, with higher travel costs among rural dwellers. Ensuring that there is a functional primary healthcare center in every ward and provision of routine immunization services in market places on local market days can help to increase utilization and reduce rural-urban differences in utilization of immunization services.
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