ArticleFrontiers in physiology2018
TREC and KREC Levels as a Predictors of Lymphocyte Subpopulations Measured by Flow Cytometry.
Article in Frontiers in physiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Immune Markers in Predicting Infectious Complications in Children with Congenital Heart Defects.Current pediatric reviews · 2026Review
- Implementation of TREC/KREC detection protocol for newborn SCID screening in Bulgaria: a pilot study.Central-European journal of immunology · 2022Article
- Modern diagnostic capabilities of neonatal screening for primary immunodeficiencies in newborns.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2021Article
- Lymphocyte Subgroups and KREC Numbers in Common Variable Immunodeficiency: A Single Center Study.Journal of clinical immunology · 2020Article
- The case for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and T cell lymphopenia newborn screening: saving lives…one at a time.Immunologic research · 2020Article
- Expanding TREC and KREC Utility in Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Diagnosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Newborn Screening for Primary Immunodeficiencies: The Gaps, Challenges, and Outlook for Developing Countries.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- TREC and KREC Levels as a Predictors of Lymphocyte Subpopulations Measured by Flow Cytometry.Frontiers in physiology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 10 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID) is a heterogeneous group of disorders caused by genetic defects of the immune system, which manifests clinically as recurrent infections, autoimmune diseases, or malignancies. Early detection of other PID remains a challenge, particularly in older children due to milder and less specific symptoms, a low level of clinician PID awareness and poor provision of hospital laboratories with appropriate devices. T-cell recombination excision circles (TREC) and kappa-deleting element recombination circle (KREC) in a dried blood spot and in peripheral blood using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are used as a tool for severe combined immune deficiency but not in PID. They represent an attractive and cheap target for a more extensive use in clinical practice. This study aimed to assess TREC/KREC correspondence with lymphocyte subpopulations, measured by flow cytometry and evaluate correlations between TREC/KREC, lymphocyte subpopulations and immunoglobulins. We carried out analysis of data from children assessed by clinical immunologists at Speransky Children's Hospital, Moscow, Russia with suspected immunodeficiencies between May 2013 and August 2016. Peripheral blood samples were sent for TREC/KREC, flow cytometry (CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD19), IgA, IgM, and IgG analysis. A total of 839 samples were analyzed for using TREC assay and flow cytometry and 931 KREC/flow cytometry. TREC demonstrated an AUC of 0.73 (95% CI 0.70-0.76) for CD3, 0.74 (95% CI 0.71-0.77) for CD4 and 0.67 (95% CI 0.63-0.70) for CD8, respectively, while KREC demonstrated an AUC of 0.72 (95% CI 0.69-0.76) for CD19. Moderate correlation was found between the levels of TREC and CD4 (
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