ArticleNature microbiology2019
HIV-1 reservoirs in urethral macrophages of patients under suppressive antiretroviral therapy.
Article in Nature microbiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04062825 (Interaction of HIV/Platelets and HIV-platelets/Lymphocytes in HIV Patients Under cART Treatment But Immunological Non Responders), which is not on this map. Cited by 191 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Interaction of HIV/Platelets and HIV-platelets/Lymphocytes in HIV Patients Under cART Treatment But Immunological Non Responders
Who cites it
191 citing papers in PubMed, 291 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV RNA Rebound in Seminal Plasma after Antiretroviral Treatment Interruption.Journal of virology · 2020Trial
- Capsid stabilization reprograms the nuclear fate of the HIV genome.Science advances · 2026Article
- HIV-1 andmSphere · 2026Article
- Review
- Differential selectivity of microglia and astrocytes in HIV-1 gp120-induced synaptic pruning.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Glycolysis inhibition in tuberculosis-driven metabolic rewiring reduces HIV-1 spread in macrophages.Life science alliance · 2026Article
- Ex vivo-expanded allogeneic Vδ2 T cells specifically reduce reservoirs of HIV-1 following latency reversal.JCI insight · 2026Article
- HIV heart inflammation is mediated by HIV infected myeloid cells, HIV-tat secretion, and aberrant function of Connexin43-containing channels.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Review
- In silico and in vitro investigations of novel Siglec-1 inhibitors in a microglial cell model.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Antiviral Inflammasomes and How to Find Them.Viruses · 2026Review
- IBA-1Research square · 2026Article
- Activation of cytosolic DNA sensing in NCM460 intestinal epithelial cells induces antiviral factors that restrict HIV infection in macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Pneumococcal vaccine hyporesponsiveness in people living with HIV: A narrative review of immunological mechanisms and insights from minimally invasive lymph node sampling.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- IL-4 downregulates gap junction protein connexin 26 to promote HIV-1 infection in macrophages.mBio · 2025Article
- Targeting HIV myeloid and central nervous system reservoirs for HIV cure.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Host-directed approaches in the pursuit of a cure for HIV.Antiviral research · 2025Review
- Cellular Tropism and Viral Genetics in Appendix Tissue Reservoirs of Subtype C HIV-1-Infected Aviremic Persons.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- HIV-1 infection of macrophages differentially primes NK-cell cytotoxicity and proinflammatory cytokine production.iScience · 2025Article
- Establishment of a reverse genetics system for studying human immune functions in mice.Science advances · 2025Article
131 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
21 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) eradication is prevented by the establishment on infection of cellular HIV-1 reservoirs that are not fully characterized, especially in genital mucosal tissues (the main HIV-1 entry portal on sexual transmission). Here, we show, using penile tissues from HIV-1-infected individuals under suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy, that urethral macrophages contain integrated HIV-1 DNA, RNA, proteins and intact virions in virus-containing compartment-like structures, whereas viral components remain undetectable in urethral T cells. Moreover, urethral cells specifically release replication-competent infectious HIV-1 following reactivation with the macrophage activator lipopolysaccharide, while the T-cell activator phytohaemagglutinin is ineffective. HIV-1 urethral reservoirs localize preferentially in a subset of polarized macrophages that highly expresses the interleukin-1 receptor, CD206 and interleukin-4 receptor, but not CD163. To our knowledge, these results are the first evidence that human urethral tissue macrophages constitute a principal HIV-1 reservoir. Such findings are determinant for therapeutic strategies aimed at HIV-1 eradication.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.