ArticleInternational journal of obesity (2005)2019
Disparities in childhood overweight and obesity by income in the United States: an epidemiological examination using three nationally representative datasets.
Article in International journal of obesity (2005), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05041855 (Family Inclusive Childhood Obesity Treatment Designed for Low Income and Hispanic Families), which is not on this map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Family Inclusive Childhood Obesity Treatment Designed for Low Income and Hispanic Families
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disparities in the Prevalence of Childhood Obesity-Related Comorbidities: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Water Promotion for Overweight Prevention in Schoolchildren: For Whom Does It Work Best? - Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Trial
- Personal Activity Trackers and Family Engagement in a Pediatric Obesity Intervention: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR formative research · 2025Trial
- Designing a childhood obesity preventive intervention using the multiphase optimization strategy: The Healthy Bodies Project.Clinical trials (London, England) · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Childhood obesity: The threatening apprentice of the adiposity empire.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Parent-Reported Obesogenic Risk Behaviors and Infant Weight at Age 6 Months.JAMA network open · 2025Article
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- Article
- Article
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- Dietary patterns and child, parental, and societal factors associated with being overweight and obesity in Vietnamese children living in Ho Chi Minh city.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Article
- Association between protein-to-energy ratio and overweight/obesity in children and adolescents in the United States: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Nutrition and health challenges among low-income families of young children in the post COVID-19 era: a qualitative study.Nutrition research and practice · 2023Article
- State-Level Anti-Immigrant Sentiment and Policies and Health Risks in US Latino Children.Pediatrics · 2023Article
- Impact of Household Economic and Mothers' Time Affluence on Obesity in Japanese Preschool Children: A Cross-sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Endocrine Health and Health Care Disparities in the Pediatric and Sexual and Gender Minority Populations: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Translating the Recommended Multicomponent Intervention for Childhood Overweight and Obesity into Practice: Implementation Challenges.Journal of contemporary psychotherapy · 2023Article
- Stakeholders' perception of factors influencing adoption of a pediatric weight management intervention: a qualitative study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Socioeconomic inequality in overweight/obesity among US children: NHANES 2001 to 2018.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesOverweight and obesity (OWOB) is a global epidemic. Adults and adolescents from low-income households are at higher risk to be OWOB. This study examined the relationship between income and OWOB prevalence in children and adolescents (518 years) in the United States (US) within and across race/ethnicities, and changes in this relationship from 1971 to 2014. SUBJECTS/
methodsA meta-analysis of a nationally representative sample (N = 73,891) of US children and adolescents drawn from three datasets (i.e., National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, & the Early Childhood Longitudinal Program) which included 14 cross-sectional waves spanning 1971-2014 was conducted. The exposure was household income-to-poverty ratio (low income = 0.00-1.00, middle income = 1.01-4.00, high income >4.00) with prevalence of overweight or obesity (body mass index ≥ 85th percentile) as the outcome.
resultsChildren and adolescents from middle-income and high-income households were 0.78 (95% CI = 0.72, 0.83) and 0.68 (95% CI = 0.59, 0.77) times as likely to be OWOB compared to children and adolescents in low-income households. Separate analyses restricted to each racial/ethnic group showed children and adolescents from middle- and high-income households were less likely to be OWOB compared to their low-income peers within the White, Hispanic, and Other race/ethnic groups. Children and adolescents from low-income households who were Black were not more likely to be OWOB than their high- and middle-income counterparts. Analyses within each income stratum indicated that race/ethnicity was not related to the prevalence of OWOB in low-income households. However, racial/ethnic differences in OWOB were evident for children and adolescents in middle- and high-income households. Disparities in the prevalence of OWOB between low-income children and adolescents and their middle- and high-income counterparts have increased from 1971 to 2014.
conclusionsIncome and OWOB are related in US children and adolescents. Racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of OWOB emerge in middle- and high-income households. Disparities in OWOB prevalence are growing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.