Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30718774›Full record

ArticleNature2019

CasX enzymes comprise a distinct family of RNA-guided genome editors.

Jun-Jie Liu, Natalia Orlova, Benjamin L Oakes, Enbo Ma, Hannah B Spinner, Katherine L M Baney, Jonathan Chuck, Dan Tan, Gavin J Knott, Lucas B Harrington and 8 more

Erratum issuedAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 235 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
235citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

235 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Wheat's Up with CRISPR-Cas-Current Advances, Obstacles and Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  13. CasCADE: CasMicrobiology spectrum · 2026
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

175 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Jun-Jie LiuDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Natalia OrlovaCalifornia Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Benjamin L OakesInnovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Enbo MaDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Hannah B SpinnerInnovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Katherine L M BaneyInnovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Jonathan ChuckDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Dan TanClayton Foundation Laboratories of Peptide Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Gavin J KnottDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Lucas B HarringtonDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Basem Al-ShayebDepartment of Plant and Microbiology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Alexander WagnerMax-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Planegg, Germany.
Julian BrötzmannFaculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
Brett T StaahlDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Kian L TaylorInnovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
John DesmaraisInnovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Eva NogalesDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. enogales@lbl.gov.
Jennifer A DoudnaDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. doudna@berkeley.edu.

Funding

X-ray Screening and Rapid Structure DeterminationP50GM082250 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI FRANKEL, ALAN D · 2007 to 2018
$48.8M
TUBULIN STRUCTURE BY ELECTRON CRYSTALLOGRAPHYP01GM051487 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIF-LAWRENC BERKELEY LAB · PI CATE, JAMIE H · 1994 to 2018
$27.6M
Center for Genomic Editing and Recording: Development and Application of Next-Generation Genome and Epigenome Editing Methods to Advance the Study and Treatment of Human DiseaseRM1HG009490 · NHGRI · WHITEHEAD INSTITUTE FOR BIOMEDICAL RES · PI Brittany S. Adamson, Martin Joseph Ankrah Aryee · 2017 to 2026
$22.7M
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNHGRI NIH HHS RM1 HG009490NIGMS NIH HHS P01 GM051487NIGMS NIH HHS P50 GM082250
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The RNA-guided CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins Cas9 and Cas12a provide adaptive immunity against invading nucleic acids, and function as powerful tools for genome editing in a wide range of organisms. Here we reveal the underlying mechanisms of a third, fundamentally distinct RNA-guided genome-editing platform named CRISPR-CasX, which uses unique structures for programmable double-stranded DNA binding and cleavage. Biochemical and in vivo data demonstrate that CasX is active for Escherichia coli and human genome modification. Eight cryo-electron microscopy structures of CasX in different states of assembly with its guide RNA and double-stranded DNA substrates reveal an extensive RNA scaffold and a domain required for DNA unwinding. These data demonstrate how CasX activity arose through convergent evolution to establish an enzyme family that is functionally separate from both Cas9 and Cas12a.

Indexed as

Gene EditingCRISPR-Associated ProteinsCRISPR-Cas SystemsCryoelectron MicroscopyDNADNA CleavageEscherichia coliEvolution, MolecularGene SilencingGenome, BacterialGenome, HumanHumansModels, MolecularNucleic Acid ConformationProtein DomainsRNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas SystemsCRISPR-Associated ProteinsDNARNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems

Identifiers

PMID30718774
PMCPMC6662743

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.