ArticleScientific reports2019
SmvA is an important efflux pump for cationic biocides in Klebsiella pneumoniae and other Enterobacteriaceae.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Determination of frequency of spontaneous resistance for gepotidacin and levofloxacin against a collection of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Novel Fluorinated Chlorhexidine Analogues Overcome Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Carbapenem-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Is CepA frommSphere · 2025Article
- Prevalence of mutations associated with tolerance to chlorhexidine and other cationic biocides amongMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2025Article
- C7-Substituted Quinolines as Potent Inhibitors of AdeG Efflux Pumps inACS infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Activity of Antiseptics AgainstAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Highly Effective Biocides againstACS infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Biocide resistance inInfection prevention in practice · 2024Review
- Glyoxylate Shunt and Pyruvate-to-Acetoin Shift Are Specific Stress Responses Induced by Colistin and Ceragenin CSA-13 in Enterobacter hormaechei ST89.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Cryo-EM structure of antibacterial efflux transporter QacA from Staphylococcus aureus reveals a novel extracellular loop with allosteric role.The EMBO journal · 2023Article
- Disinfectant Susceptibility of Third-Generation-Cephalosporin/Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from the Oral Cavity of Residents of Long-Term-Care Facilities.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Lipopolysaccharide structure modulates cationic biocide susceptibility and crystalline biofilm formation inFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Review
- Tell me if you prefer bovine or poultry sectors and I'll tell you who you are: Characterization ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Role of efflux pumps, their inhibitors, and regulators in colistin resistance.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Octenidine's Efficacy: A Matter of Interpretation or the Influence of Experimental Setups?Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Contribution of RND-Type Efflux Pumps in Reduced Susceptibility to Biocides inAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Contribution of the efflux pump AcrAB-TolC to the tolerance of chlorhexidine and other biocides inJournal of medical microbiology · 2022Article
- Absence, loss-of-function, or inhibition of Escherichia coli AcrB does not increase expression of other efflux pump genes supporting the discovery of AcrB inhibitors as antibiotic adjuvants.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The multidrug resistant (MDR) opportunistic pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae has previously been shown to adapt to chlorhexidine by increasing expression of the MFS efflux pump smvA. Here we show that loss of the regulator SmvR, through adaptation to chlorhexidine, results in increased resistance to a number of cationic biocides in K. pneumoniae and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae. Clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates which lack smvA and smvR also have an increased susceptibility to chlorhexidine. When smvA from Salmonella and K. pneumoniae are expressed in Escherichia coli, which lacks a homologue to SmvAR, resistance to chlorhexidine increased (4-fold) but plasmid carriage of smvA alone was detrimental to the cell. Challenge of K. pneumoniae with chlorhexidine and another cationic biocide, octenidine, resulted in increased expression of smvA (approx. 70 fold). Adaptation to octenidine was achieved through mutating key residues in SmvA (A363V; Y391N) rather than abolishing the function of SmvR, as with chlorhexidine adaptation. Molecular modelling was able to predict that octenidine interacted more strongly with these mutated SmvA forms. These results show that SmvA is a major efflux pump for cationic biocides in several bacterial species and that increased efflux through SmvA can lead to increased chlorhexidine and octenidine tolerance.
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