ArticleClinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology2019
Levels of horse allergen Equ c 4 in dander and saliva from ten horse breeds.
Article in Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proteomic analysis of horse hair extracts provides no evidence for the existence of a hypoallergenic Curly Horse breed.Clinical and translational allergy · 2024Article
- Hypoallergenic animals: A promise of hope for allergic patients?Allergologie select · 2024Review
- The Acari Hypothesis, V: deciphering allergenicity.Frontiers in allergy · 2024Article
- Measurement of Horse Allergens Equ c 1 and Equ c 2: A Comparison among Breeds.International archives of allergy and immunology · 2022Article
- Use of nasal filters for allergen exposure measurements in veterinary practices.Environmental and occupational health practice · 2022Article
- Equine Hypersensitivity: the Dark Horse of Allergy.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2020Review
- Levels of horse allergen Equ c 4 in dander and saliva from ten horse breeds.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHorses are an important source of allergens, but the distribution of horse allergens is poorly understood. Five horse allergens have been identified, Equ c 1-4 and 6. Equ c 4 seems to be an important allergen, with an IgE-binding frequency of 77% in horse-sensitized individuals.
objectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate levels of horse allergen Equ c 4 in dander, saliva and urine from ten horse breeds.
methodThe study population included 170 horses (87 mares, 27 stallions, 56 geldings) from ten breeds. Horse dander, saliva and urine samples were collected. Levels of horse allergen Equ c 4 were quantified using a two-site sandwich ELISA (mAb 103 and 14G4) and were expressed as Equ c 4 U/μg protein.
resultsThe horse allergen Equ c 4 was present in all dander and saliva samples from ten horse breeds, with high within-breed and inter-breed variations; GM values were 639 Equ c 4 U/μg protein (range 5-15 264) for dander and 39.5 (4-263) for saliva. Equ c 4 was found in 19/21 urine samples. Adjusted for age, sex and changes over time, no differences between breeds could be seen in dander, while in saliva the North Swedish horse showed lower levels of Equ c 4 than any other breed. The levels of Equ c 4 protein in dander and saliva were significantly higher in samples from stallions compared to mares and geldings, independent of breed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The results show a high variability in allergen levels of Equ c 4 in dander and saliva both within and between breeds. Significantly higher levels were found in stallions compared to mares and geldings, independent of breed. Results suggest that none of the horse breeds studied can be recommended for individuals allergic to Equ c 4.
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