ArticleEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2019
A histocytological and radiological overview of the natural history of intervertebral disk: from embryonic formation to age-related degeneration.
Article in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endplate remodeling: a key indicator of cigarette smoke exposure-induced intervertebral disc degeneration in a male rat model.JBMR plus · 2025Article
- Targeting advanced glycation end products: potential therapeutic approaches for mitigating diabetic intervertebral disc degeneration?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Ultrashort time-to-echo T2* and T2* relaxometry for evaluation of lumbar disc degeneration: a comparative study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo elucidate the natural history of intervertebral disk (IVD) and characterize its embryonic beginnings and age-related degeneration.
methodsCoronal sections of embryonic (E13.5-neonatal) and postnatal (4-60-week-old) Sprague-Dawley rat IVD were stained by a series of histological stainings (hematoxylin and eosin, Alcian blue, Picrosirius red, Masson, Periodic acid-Schiff). Growth kinetics within embryonic IVD were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of Ki67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Postnatal maturation and degeneration of IVD were visualized on radiology by X-ray, CT, and MR imaging.
resultsDuring the formation of rat IVD, inner annulus fibrosus (AF) and cartilaginous endplate (CEP) shared similar cell density, extracellular matrix, and potential of growth kinetics; notochord provided increased and enlarged cytoplasmic vacuoles to generate nucleus pulposus (NP), part of which was retained within CEP. Postnatally, vacuolated notochord cells were reduced by devacuolation, while chondrocytic NP cells increased; cartilaginous layers of CEP were narrowed by vertebrae growth and secondary ossification; fibrotic portion of AF decreased as cartilaginous matrix accumulated and infiltrated outward. In aged and degenerated IVD, large longitudinal fissures were detected near the boundaries between inner and outer AF, whereas both reduced cellularity and accumulated cell clusters were evident within the dehydrated NP; only part of these histocytological changes could be reported on radiology.
conclusionsBy showing that the natural history of IVD is orchestrated by a dynamic histocytological regulation, our study may facilitate better understanding of the developmental defects, cellular heterogeneity, age-related degenerative mechanisms, and biological regeneration of IVD. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
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