ReviewThe Journal of infectious diseases2020
Correlations Between Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection and Rectal Gonorrhea Incidence in Men Who Have Sex With Men: Implications for Future HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Trials.
Review in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between rectal gonorrhoea and HIV incidence in men who have sex with men: a meta-analysis.Sexually transmitted infections · 2022Pooled it
- Comparing Implementation and Effectiveness Outcomes for Two Implementation Strategies of the Keep It Up! Digital HIV Prevention Program: A Type 3 Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Trial.AIDS and behavior · 2025Trial
- Biomedical and behavioral outcomes of 2GETHER: A randomized controlled trial of a telehealth HIV prevention program for young male couples.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2023Trial
- Population-Level Correlation Between Incidence of Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Among African Women Participating in HIV-1 Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Trials.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- Using the adherence-efficacy relationship of emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate to calculate background hiv incidence: a secondary analysis of a randomized, controlled trial.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Trial
- Emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide vs emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (DISCOVER): primary results from a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, active-controlled, phase 3, non-inferiority trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2020Trial
- Comparing Approaches for Estimating Counterfactual HIV Incidence Among Populations With High Vulnerability to HIV in Lima, Peru: A Multi-Study Comparative Analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- Cabotegravir Maintains Protective Efficacy in the Setting of Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Secondary Analysis of HPTN 083.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- The evolving HIV epidemic in Ontario, Canada: A retrospective analysis of new HIV diagnoses to identify subpopulations with persistent risk of HIV transmission.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2025Article
- Challenges in estimating the counterfactual placebo HIV incidence rate from a registration cohort: The PrEPVacc trial.Clinical trials (London, England) · 2025Article
- Active-Controlled Trial Design for HIV Prevention Trials With a Counterfactual Placebo.Statistics in medicine · 2025Article
- Asymptomatic Rectal Bacterial Pathogens Show Large Prospective Relationships With HIV Incidence in a Cohort of Young Sexual and Gender Minorities: Implications for STI Screening and HIV Prevention.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Estimating counterfactual placebo HIV incidence in HIV prevention trials without placebo arms based on markers of HIV exposure.Clinical trials (London, England) · 2024Article
- Study design approaches for future active-controlled HIV prevention trials.Statistical communications in infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Interpretation of active-control randomised trials: the case for a new analytical perspective involving averted events.BMC medical research methodology · 2023Review
- Counterfactual estimation of efficacy against placebo for novel PrEP agents using external trial data: example of injectable cabotegravir and oral PrEP in women.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Article
- Estimating HIV Incident Diagnoses Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Eligible for Pre-exposure Prophylaxis but Not Taking It: Protocol and Feasibility Assessment of Data Sources and Methods.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Engaging hard-to-reach men-who-have-sex-with-men with sexual health screening: Qualitative interviews in an Australian sex-on-premises-venue and sexual health service.Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health · 2022Article
- Trends in HIV prevalence by self-report among MSM diagnosed and reported with gonorrhea in six United States jurisdictions from 2010 to 2019.AIDS (London, England) · 2021Observational
- Sample size calculation for active-arm trial with counterfactual incidence based on recency assay.Statistical communications in infectious diseases · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Using published data, we found a direct correlation between the incidence of rectal gonorrhea and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in men who have sex with men who were not using oral preexposure prophylaxis. HIV incidence was predicted using rectal gonorrhea incidence as the determinant in regression analysis. The observed correlation suggest that rectal gonorrhea incidence can potentially serve as a predictor of HIV incidence. If confirmed with additional data, a quantitative correlation for incidence of the 2 infections could be useful in active-controlled HIV prevention trials where low HIV incidence is expected. Widespread improvements in treatment as prevention and gonorrhea control can negatively impact the correlation and its utility.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.