ReviewThe Journal of clinical investigation2019
Autoimmune seizures and epilepsy.
Review in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 222 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anti-gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor type A encephalitis: a review.Current opinion in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- Immune dysregulation and epileptogenesis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Diagnosing autoimmune encephalitis in psychiatry: clinical recommendations and unresolved challenges from the GENERATE network.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- The electroclinical phenotype of epilepsy following autoimmune encephalitis.Epilepsy & behavior reports · 2026Article
- Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Strategies in Epilepsy: From Molecular Mechanisms to Threshold Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Neuroimmunology of Epilepsy: Mechanisms, Treatments, and Clinical Insights.Epilepsy currents · 2026Article
- Clinical Spectrum and Outcomes of SOX1 Antibody-Associated Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes: A Chinese Cohort Study.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Autoimmune-associated epilepsy: definitions and diagnosis - a narrative review.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2026Review
- Epilepsy: Molecular Pathogenesis and Emerging Therapies.MedComm · 2026Review
- WONOEP XVII appraisal: The immunopathogenesis of epilepsy.Epilepsia · 2026Review
- Characteristics of and risk factors for epilepsy after autoimmune and infectious encephalitis.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Article
- Effects and Mechanisms of NMDAR-EphB2 on Synapses in Mice by Active Immunization with a GluN1 Peptide.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Peripheral blood mononuclear cell secretome from patients with autoimmune encephalitis promotes seizures in vitro.Epilepsia · 2025Article
- Prediction of longitudinal outcomes and novel cluster identification in epilepsy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- PAK1 Is Involved in Epileptogenesis by Regulating the Synaptic Plasticity of Hippocampal Neurons Through LIMK.Neurochemical research · 2025Article
- Autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders manifesting with psychosis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- Autoimmune encephalitis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
- Autoimmune encephalitis-associated epilepsy.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- GABAMedComm · 2025Review
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The rapid expansion in the number of encephalitis disorders associated with autoantibodies against neuronal proteins has led to an incremental increase in use of the term "autoimmune epilepsy," yet has occurred with limited attention to the physiopathology of each disease and genuine propensity to develop epilepsy. Indeed, most autoimmune encephalitides present with seizures, but the probability of evolving to epilepsy is relatively small. The risk of epilepsy is higher for disorders in which the antigens are intracellular (often T cell-mediated) compared with disorders in which the antigens are on the cell surface (antibody-mediated). Most autoantibodies against neuronal surface antigens show robust effects on the target proteins, resulting in hyperexcitability and impairment of synaptic function and plasticity. Here, we trace the evolution of the concept of autoimmune epilepsy and examine common inflammatory pathways that might lead to epilepsy. Then, we focus on several antibody-mediated encephalitis disorders that associate with seizures and review the synaptic alterations caused by patients' antibodies, with emphasis on those that have been modeled in animals (e.g., antibodies against NMDA, AMPA receptors, LGI1 protein) or in cultured neurons (e.g., antibodies against the GABAb receptor).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.