ArticleJMIR public health and surveillance2019
Spatial Access and Willingness to Use Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among Black/African American Individuals in the United States: Cross-Sectional Survey.
Article in JMIR public health and surveillance, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06022809 (Comparative Effectiveness of Individual Versus Group-level Interventions to Reduce HIV Risk Among African Immigrant Women), which is not on this map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparative Effectiveness of Individual Versus Group-level Interventions to Reduce HIV Risk Among African Immigrant Women
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis of Factors Affecting Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Willingness Among Black Women for HIV Prevention.AIDS and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Assessing Structural Racism and Discrimination Along the Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Continuum: A Systematic Review.AIDS and behavior · 2024Pooled it
- Prioritizing Barriers and Facilitators to PrEP Uptake Among Black Cisgender Women: Key Factors Identified Through Nominal Group Technique.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Leveraging the Barriers and Facilitators of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Care Among Latino Men Who Have Sex with Men in the U.S. to Inform Intervention: A Systematic Literature Review (2018-2023).AIDS and behavior · 2026Review
- Optimising community pharmacy PrEP delivery for cisgender female sex workers in Uganda: Protocol for a mixed-methods study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- A spatially dynamic agent-based model for assessing the effect of gentrification-induced migration and HIV transmission among heterosexual African American/Black women.Annals of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Structural Racism and HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use in the Nationwide US: A County-Level Analysis.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Rural providers' attitudes toward integrating harm reduction strategies and PrEP prescribing into rural primary care settings in the US. Southeast and Midwest.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2025Article
- HIV Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) modalities and service delivery preferences among black cisgender emerging and older adult women in Baltimore, Maryland.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) For Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Primary Practice Approach.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Review
- Activity Space Mapping and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Uptake Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Sexual Minority Men in Small Cities and Towns in the United States.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Barriers and facilitators to oral pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake among adolescents girls and young women at elevated risk of HIV acquisition in Lilongwe, Malawi: A qualitative study.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Claims-Based Algorithm to Identify Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Indications for Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and Emtricitabine Prescriptions (2012-2014): Validation Study.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Article
- Equity of PrEP uptake by race, ethnicity, sex and region in the United States in the first decade of PrEP: a population-based analysis.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2024Article
- Social and structural factors associated with interest in HIV preexposure prophylaxis among Black women in the United States.AIDS care · 2024Article
- Factors Associated with Planned Future Use of PrEP in the Next 3 Months and Likelihood to Use PrEP Among Black Cisgender HIV-negative Women in Texas.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Article
- Factors Associated with Comfort Discussing PrEP with Healthcare Providers among Black Cisgender Women.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Implementation of an Educational Intervention to Improve HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Services for Women in an Urban Sexual Health Clinic.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among black individuals in the United States is low and may be associated with the limited availability of clinics where PrEP is prescribed.
objectiveWe aimed to determine the association between spatial access to clinics where PrEP is prescribed and willingness to use PrEP.
methodsWe identified locations of clinics where PrEP is prescribed from AIDSVu.org and calculated the density of PrEP clinics per 10,000 residents according to the ZIP code. Individual-level data were obtained from the 2016 National Survey on HIV in the Black Community. We used multilevel modelling to estimate the association between willingness to use PrEP and clinic density among participants with individual-level (HIV risk, age, gender, education, income, insurance, doctor visit, census region, urban/rural residence) and ZIP code-level (%poverty, %unemployed, %uninsured, %black population, and density of health care facilities) variables.
resultsAll participants identified as black/African American. Of the 787 participants, 45% were men and 23% were found to be at high risk based on the self-reported behavioral characteristics. The mean age of the participants was 34 years (SD 9), 54% of participants resided in the South, and 26% were willing to use PrEP. More than one-third (38%) of the sample had to drive more than 1 hour to access a PrEP provider. Participants living in areas with higher PrEP clinic density were significantly more willing to use PrEP (one SD higher density of PrEP clinics per 10,000 population was associated with 16% higher willingness [adjusted prevalence ratio=1.16, 95% CI: 1.03-1.31]).
conclusionsWillingness to use PrEP was associated with spatial availability of clinics where providers prescribe PrEP in this nationally representative sample of black African Americans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.