Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30713584›Full record

ArticleEnergy & environmental science2018

Fractional deviations in precursor stoichiometry dictate the properties, performance and stability of perovskite photovoltaic devices.

Paul Fassl, Vincent Lami, Alexandra Bausch, Zhiping Wang, Matthew T Klug, Henry J Snaith, Yana Vaynzof

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Energy & environmental science, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. The critical role of surface dipoles in CsPbIEnergy & environmental science · 2026
    Article
  4. Shifting Defect Self-Regulation via Disordered Vacancies in Hollow Tin Perovskites.Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society · 2026
    Article
  5. Separate and combined effects of GuaJournal of materials chemistry. A · 2026
    Article
  6. Solvent-Free Fabrication Methods of Metal Halide Perovskites.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025
    Review
  7. From Chalcogen Bonding to S-π Interactions in Hybrid Perovskite Photovoltaics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Solvent-antisolvent interactions in metal halide perovskites.Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) · 2023
    Review
  15. Towards low-temperature processing of efficient γ-CsPbIJournal of materials chemistry. A · 2023
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Paul FasslKirchhoff-Institut für Physik and Centre for Advanced Materials , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany . Email: vaynzof@uni-heidelberg.de.ORCID 0000-0002-9604-3405
Vincent LamiKirchhoff-Institut für Physik and Centre for Advanced Materials , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany . Email: vaynzof@uni-heidelberg.de.
Alexandra BauschKirchhoff-Institut für Physik and Centre for Advanced Materials , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany . Email: vaynzof@uni-heidelberg.de.
Zhiping WangClarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Oxford , OX1 3PU , UK.ORCID 0000-0002-3081-0472
Matthew T KlugClarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Oxford , OX1 3PU , UK.
Henry J SnaithClarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Oxford , OX1 3PU , UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8511-790X
Yana VaynzofKirchhoff-Institut für Physik and Centre for Advanced Materials , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany . Email: vaynzof@uni-heidelberg.de.ORCID 0000-0002-0783-0707

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The last five years have witnessed remarkable progress in the field of lead halide perovskite materials and devices. Examining the existing body of literature reveals staggering inconsistencies in the reported results among different research groups with a particularly wide spread in the photovoltaic performance and stability of devices. In this work we demonstrate that fractional, quite possibly unintentional, deviations in the precursor solution stoichiometry can cause significant changes in the properties of the perovskite layer as well as in the performance and stability of perovskite photovoltaic devices. We show that while the absorbance and morphology of the layers remain largely unaffected, the surface composition and energetics, crystallinity, emission efficiency, energetic disorder and storage stability are all very sensitive to the precise stoichiometry of the precursor solution. Our results elucidate the origin of the irreproducibility and inconsistencies of reported results among different groups as well as the wide spread in device performance even within individual studies. Finally, we propose a simple experimental method to identify the exact stoichiometry of the perovskite layer that researchers can employ to confirm their experiments are performed consistently without unintentional variations in precursor stoichiometry.

Identifiers

PMID30713584
PMCPMC6333261

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.