ArticleThe Journal of veterinary medical science2019
Inhibitory effect of grapefruit seed extract (GSE) on avian pathogens.
Article in The Journal of veterinary medical science, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05618483 (Clinical Efficacy of Xylitol Based Nasal Spray for the Treatment of Mild COVID-19 Infection), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Clinical Efficacy of Xylitol Based Nasal Spray for the Treatment of Mild COVID-19 Infection
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibacterial Activity of Some Essential Oils/Herbal Extracts Against Bacteria Isolated from Ball Pythons (Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Evaluation of chlorine dioxide in liquid state and in gaseous state as virucidal agent against avian influenza virus and infectious bronchitis virus.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2023Article
- Functional Properties of Grapefruit Seed Extract Embedded Blend Membranes of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Starch: Potential Application for Antiviral Activity in Food Safety to Fight Against COVID-19.Journal of polymers and the environment · 2023Article
- Rapid in vitro virucidal activity of slightly acidic hypochlorous acid water toward aerosolized coronavirus in simulated human-dispersed droplets.Virus research · 2022Article
- The Mechanisms of Lipid Vesicle Fusion Inhibition by Extracts of Chaga and Buckthorn Leaves.Biochemistry (Moscow) Supplement. Series A, Membrane and cell biology · 2022Article
- Antioxidant Activity of Citrus Limonoids and Investigation of Their Virucidal Potential against SARS-CoV-2 in Cellular Models.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Polyphenol-RichAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Potential Role of Xylitol Plus Grapefruit Seed Extract Nasal Spray Solution in COVID-19: Case Series.Cureus · 2020Article
- Antiviral activity of a novel mixture of natural antimicrobials, in vitro, and in a chicken infection model in vivo.Scientific reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The inhibitory activities of grapefruit seed extract (GSE) on avian influenza virus (AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), Salmonella Infantis (SI) and Escherichia coli (EC) were evaluated. Original GSE contained 0.24% benzalkonium chloride (BZC), however, 0.0025% BZC solution could not inactivate bacteria. The activity of diluted GSE (×100, ×500 and ×1,000 with redistilled water) against selected viruses and bacteria was evaluated in this study. The GSE solutions were incubated with the pathogens over a period of time after which the remaining viruses were titrated and the bacterial colonies were counted. In the presence of organic material-5% fetal bovine serum (FBS), the test solutions were sprayed at 1 cm and 30 cm distances to test the efficacy of GSE in a spray form. Furthermore, the efficacy of GSE against bacteria on clothes was tested using non-woven cloth. GSE×100 reduced the viral titer of both AIV and NDV even in 5% FBS condition. IBDV showed high resistance to GSE. GSE×1,000 inactivated both SI and EC within 5 sec, even in the presence of 5% FBS. The disinfectant was able to maintain its efficacy in the spray form at 30 cm distance. GSE was also effective against SI and EC inoculated on fabric. GSE is a potential novel disinfectant against viruses and bacteria, effective even within a short contact time.
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