ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2019
Trends in marijuana use among pregnant women with and without nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, 2009-2016.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Birth, cognitive and behavioral effects of intrauterine cannabis exposure in infants and children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Pregnant People's Perspectives On Cannabis Use During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Integrative Mixed-Methods Research Synthesis.Journal of midwifery & women's health · 2022Pooled it
- Pregnancy Prevalence in the U.S.: A Multilevel Examination of Race, Sociodemographic Factors, and Behavioral Characteristics Using the NSDUH.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Neurodevelopmental outcomes following prenatal cannabinoid exposure: a systematic review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Review
- Adult Rat Offspring Exposed to THC during Gestation Exhibit Distinct Biomolecular Changes Identified by X-ray Fluorescence Imaging and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in Cortico-Limbic Circuits.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2026Article
- The changing landscape of cannabis use: impact on maternal health and neonatal outcomes.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- From card to cradle: examining medical cannabis purchasing among pregnant women in Arkansas.American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM · 2026Article
- Feasibility and acceptability of a physical activity intervention to reduce prenatal cannabis use: results of an open pilot trial.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Prenatal cannabis screening and counseling practices by state recreational legalization status: A multi-state examination of PRAMS data (2017-2020).Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- Cannabis advice occurring at prenatal care visits in the United States, 2017-2021.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Article
- Changes in prenatal cannabis use and perceptions during the COVID-19 pandemic.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
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- Cannabidivarin and cannabigerol induce unfolded protein response and angiogenesis dysregulation in placental trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cells.Archives of toxicology · 2024Article
- Development and validation of the Cannabis Exposure in Pregnancy Tool (CEPT): a mixed methods study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- The First "Hit" to the Endocannabinoid System? Associations Between Prenatal Cannabis Exposure and Frontolimbic White Matter Pathways in Children.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2024Article
- Gestational exposure to cannabidiol leads to glucose intolerance in 3-month-old male offspring.The Journal of endocrinology · 2024Article
- Cannabinoids and the Gastrointestinal Tract.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2023Review
- Expression of the endocannabinoid system and response to cannabinoid components by the human fetal testis.BMC medicine · 2023Article
- Cannabis use during pregnancy and its effect on the fetus, newborn and later childhood: A systematic review.European journal of midwifery · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCross-sectional studies indicate an elevated prevalence of prenatal marijuana use in women with nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP). However, it is unknown whether differences in marijuana use by NVP status have persisted over time as marijuana becomes more acceptable and accessible and prenatal use increases overall. We compared trends in prenatal marijuana use by NVP status in the first trimester of pregnancy using data from Kaiser Permanente Northern California's (KPNC) large healthcare system.
methodsThe sample comprised KPNC pregnant women aged ≥12 who completed a self-administered questionnaire on marijuana use and a urine toxicology test for cannabis during standard prenatal care from 2009 to 2016. The annual prevalence of marijuana use via self-report or toxicology by NVP status was estimated using Poisson regression with a log link function, adjusting for sociodemographics and parity. We tested for linear trends and differences in trends by NVP.
resultsOf 220,510 pregnancies, 38,831 (17.6%) had an NVP diagnosis. Prenatal marijuana use was elevated each year among women with NVP. The adjusted prevalence of use increased significantly from 2009 to 2016 at an annual rate of 1.086 (95%CI = 1.069-1.104) among women with NVP, from 6.5% (95%CI = 5.7%-7.2%) to 11.1% (95%CI = 0.2%-12.0%), and 1.069 (95%CI = 1.059-1.080) among women without NVP, from 3.4% (95%CI = 3.2%-3.7%) to 5.8% (95%CI = 5.5%-6.1%). Trends did not vary by NVP status. DISCUSSION: The prevalence of prenatal marijuana use has remained elevated over time among women with NVP. Clinicians should ask pregnant patients about their reasons for marijuana use and treat NVP with evidence-based interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.