ReviewBlood reviews2019
Genetically-engineered pigs as sources for clinical red blood cell transfusion: What pathobiological barriers need to be overcome?
Review in Blood reviews, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cell and tissue xenotransplantation: clinical purpose determines translational strategy and therapeutic endpoints.Clinical transplantation and research · 2026Review
- Brain-dead humans as preclinical reference models for xenotransfusion: bridging nonhuman primates and clinical applications throughFrontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Establishment of an immortalized porcine erythroid progenitor cell line using species-adapted papillomavirus oncogenes.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Hemolysis-induced hepatic ferroptosis following xenotransfusion of genetically modified pig red blood cells.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Targeted knock-in of human immune-regulatory genes into the porcine GGTA1 exon 4 reveals divergent expression on red blood cell membranes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Complement Activation and Hemolysis in Non-human Primates Following Transfusion of Genetically Modified Pig Red Blood Cells.Annals of laboratory medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Generation and characterization of genetically modified pigs with GGTA1/β4GalNT2/CMAH knockout and human CD55/CD47 expression for xenotransfusion studies.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Investigation of the efficacy and safety of wild- type and triple-gene knockout pig RBC transfusions in nonhuman primates.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Future prospects for the clinical transfusion of pig red blood cells.Blood reviews · 2023Review
- Challenge Inoculum for Hepatitis C Virus Controlled Human Infection Model.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Initial investigation on the feasibility of porcine red blood cells from genetically modified pigs as an alternative to human red blood cells for transfusion.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- 3D Printing: Advancement in Biogenerative Engineering to Combat Shortage of Organs and Bioapplicable Materials.Regenerative engineering and translational medicine · 2022Review
- Initial experimental experience of triple-knockout pig red blood cells as potential sources for transfusion in alloimmunized patients with sickle cell disease.Transfusion · 2021Article
- Evidence for GTKO/β4GalNT2KO Pigs as the Preferred Organ-source for Old World Nonhuman Primates as a Preclinical Model of Xenotransplantation.Transplantation direct · 2020Article
- The potential role of 3D-bioprinting in xenotransplantation.Current opinion in organ transplantation · 2019Review
- Rethinking preclinical models for genetically engineered porcine red blood cell xenotransfusion.Cell transplantationArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
An alternative to human red blood cells (RBCs) for clinical transfusion would be advantageous, particularly in situations of massive acute blood loss (where availability and compatibility are limited) or chronic hematologic diseases requiring frequent transfusions (resulting in alloimmunization). Ideally, any alternative must be neither immunogenic nor pathogenic, but readily available, inexpensive, and physiologically effective. Pig RBCs (pRBCs) provide a promising alternative due to their several similarities with human RBCs, and our increasing ability to genetically-modify pigs to reduce cellular immunogenicity. We briefly summarize the history of xenotransfusion, the progress that has been made in recent years, and the remaining barriers. These barriers include prevention of (i) human natural antibody binding to pRBCs, (ii) their phagocytosis by macrophages, and (iii) the T cell adaptive immune response (in the absence of exogenous immunosuppressive therapy). Although techniques of genetic engineering have advanced in recent years, novel methods to introduce human transgenes into pRBCs (which do not have nuclei) will need to be developed before clinical trials can be initiated.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.