GuidelinePharmacotherapy2019
International Consensus Guidelines for the Optimal Use of the Polymyxins: Endorsed by the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP), European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), International Society for Anti-infective Pharmacology (ISAP), Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), and Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP).
Guideline in Pharmacotherapy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06650384 (Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of N-Acetylcysteine Versus Alpha-Lipoic Acid on the Occurrence and Severity of Colistin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Critically Ill Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 535 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of N-Acetylcysteine Versus Alpha-Lipoic Acid on the Occurrence and Severity of Colistin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Critically Ill Patients
Who cites it
535 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 880 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors Affecting Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Strategies of Polymyxin B in Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Infected Patients with Renal Impairment: A Systematic Review with Expert Opinion.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2026Pooled it
- Antibacterial Pharmacokinetics in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO): A Systematic Review of Population Pharmacokinetic Studies.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2026Pooled it
- Clinical outcomes and adverse events associated with intravenous polymyxin-containing therapy in hospitalized children with resistant Gram-negative infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Global trends and research profile of antibiotic heteroresistance: a bibliometric and visual analysis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam (IMI/CS/REL): a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Pharmacokinetic Studies of Colistin and Polymyxin B in Adult Populations.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2025Pooled it
- Colistin-based combination therapy versus monotherapy for carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Factors affecting the effectiveness and safety of colistin in treating drug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Schistosomiasis-Microbiota Interactions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of different polymyxin-containing regimens for the treatment of pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- The Impact of Synergistic Therapy Between Colistin and Meropenem on Outcomes of People With Pneumonia or Bloodstream Infection Due to Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Trial
- Pharmacokinetics and Renal Safety Evaluation of Colistin Methanesulfonate Sodium in Korean Healthy Male Volunteers: An Open-Label, Multiple-Dose Study.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Evaluating the effects of intravenous magnesium sulfate for prevention of colistin induced acute kidney injury: an open-label, placebo-controlled, block randomized clinical trial.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Trial
- Pharmacokinetic study of polymyxin B in healthy subjects and subjects with renal insufficiency.Clinical and translational science · 2024Trial
- Article
- Review
- Comparative Neurotoxicity of Polymyxin B and Colistin in Patients With Cancer.Pharmacotherapy · 2026Article
- Real-world effectiveness and treatment costs of ceftazidime-avibactam versus colistin-meropenem for ICU-acquired MDR gram-negative infections in liver transplant recipients.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Ceftazidime-Avibactam Versus Colistin-Based Regimens for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Bloodstream Infections: A Six-Year Retrospective Cohort and 30-Day Mortality Analysis.Microorganisms · 2026Article
475 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 16 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The polymyxin antibiotics colistin (polymyxin E) and polymyxin B became available in the 1950s and thus did not undergo contemporary drug development procedures. Their clinical use has recently resurged, assuming an important role as salvage therapy for otherwise untreatable gram-negative infections. Since their reintroduction into the clinic, significant confusion remains due to the existence of several different conventions used to describe doses of the polymyxins, differences in their formulations, outdated product information, and uncertainties about susceptibility testing that has led to lack of clarity on how to optimally utilize and dose colistin and polymyxin B. We report consensus therapeutic guidelines for agent selection and dosing of the polymyxin antibiotics for optimal use in adult patients, as endorsed by the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP), Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), International Society of Anti-Infective Pharmacology (ISAP), Society for Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), and Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP). The European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) endorses this document as a consensus statement. The overall conclusions in the document are endorsed by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). We established a diverse international expert panel to make therapeutic recommendations regarding the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the drugs and pharmacokinetic targets, polymyxin agent selection, dosing, dosage adjustment and monitoring of colistin and polymyxin B, use of polymyxin-based combination therapy, intrathecal therapy, inhalation therapy, toxicity, and prevention of renal failure. The treatment guidelines provide the first ever consensus recommendations for colistin and polymyxin B therapy that are intended to guide optimal clinical use.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.