Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30709966›Full record

SynthesisNeurology2019

Distribution of cerebral microbleeds in the East and West: Individual participant meta-analysis.

Yusuke Yakushiji, Duncan Wilson, Gareth Ambler, Andreas Charidimou, Alexa Beiser, Mark A van Buchem, Charles DeCarli, Ding Ding, Villi Gudnason, Hideo Hara and 17 more

Erratum issuedOpen access · bronzeAbstract readMeta-AnalysisReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Neurology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
5.3field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Gait in cerebral small vessel disease, pre-dementia, and dementia: A systematic review.International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society · 2023
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Fibrosis-4 index and prognosis and hematoma volume: association with lobar and non-lobar intracerebral hemorrhage.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026
    Article
  4. Prospective study of primary aldosteronism in acute ischemic stroke: association with small vessel disease.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025
    Article
  5. Typical distribution of hypertensive cerebral microbleed: a matched case-control study using primary aldosteronism.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Cerebral small vessel disease markers and long-term prognosis in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: the HAGAKURE-ICH study.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Associations for progression of cerebral small vessel disease burden in healthy adults: the Kashima scan study.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2024
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Association of brain microbleeds with risk factors, cognition, and MRI markers in MESA.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Increase in cerebral microbleeds and cognitive decline.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023
    Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

27 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.

Yusuke YakushijiFrom the Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology (Y.Y., D.W., A.C., D.J.W.), and Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), UCL, London, UK; Division of Neurology (Y.Y., H.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology (A.B., S.R.P., J.R.R., S.S., P.A.W.), Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study; Department of Biostatistics (A.B., S.R.P.), Boston University, MA; Department of Radiology (M.A.v.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Neurology (D.D.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Icelandic Heart Association (V.G.), Kopavogur; University of Iceland (V.G.), Reykjavik; Department of Neurosurgery (T.I.), Kushiro City General Hospital; Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation (K.K.), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Intramural Research Program (L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia (V.M., Z.W., Y.X.), Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Stroke and Aging Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health (T.P., V.S.), and Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Clinical School, Central Clinical School (V.S.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Center for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (Y. Takashima), Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Y. Tsushima), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging (Y. Tsushima), Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-5891-337X
Duncan WilsonFrom the Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology (Y.Y., D.W., A.C., D.J.W.), and Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), UCL, London, UK; Division of Neurology (Y.Y., H.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology (A.B., S.R.P., J.R.R., S.S., P.A.W.), Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study; Department of Biostatistics (A.B., S.R.P.), Boston University, MA; Department of Radiology (M.A.v.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Neurology (D.D.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Icelandic Heart Association (V.G.), Kopavogur; University of Iceland (V.G.), Reykjavik; Department of Neurosurgery (T.I.), Kushiro City General Hospital; Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation (K.K.), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Intramural Research Program (L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia (V.M., Z.W., Y.X.), Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Stroke and Aging Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health (T.P., V.S.), and Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Clinical School, Central Clinical School (V.S.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Center for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (Y. Takashima), Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Y. Tsushima), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging (Y. Tsushima), Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
Gareth AmblerFrom the Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology (Y.Y., D.W., A.C., D.J.W.), and Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), UCL, London, UK; Division of Neurology (Y.Y., H.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology (A.B., S.R.P., J.R.R., S.S., P.A.W.), Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study; Department of Biostatistics (A.B., S.R.P.), Boston University, MA; Department of Radiology (M.A.v.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Neurology (D.D.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Icelandic Heart Association (V.G.), Kopavogur; University of Iceland (V.G.), Reykjavik; Department of Neurosurgery (T.I.), Kushiro City General Hospital; Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation (K.K.), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Intramural Research Program (L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia (V.M., Z.W., Y.X.), Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Stroke and Aging Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health (T.P., V.S.), and Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Clinical School, Central Clinical School (V.S.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Center for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (Y. Takashima), Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Y. Tsushima), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging (Y. Tsushima), Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
Andreas CharidimouFrom the Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology (Y.Y., D.W., A.C., D.J.W.), and Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), UCL, London, UK; Division of Neurology (Y.Y., H.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology (A.B., S.R.P., J.R.R., S.S., P.A.W.), Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study; Department of Biostatistics (A.B., S.R.P.), Boston University, MA; Department of Radiology (M.A.v.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Neurology (D.D.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Icelandic Heart Association (V.G.), Kopavogur; University of Iceland (V.G.), Reykjavik; Department of Neurosurgery (T.I.), Kushiro City General Hospital; Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation (K.K.), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Intramural Research Program (L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia (V.M., Z.W., Y.X.), Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Stroke and Aging Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health (T.P., V.S.), and Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Clinical School, Central Clinical School (V.S.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Center for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (Y. Takashima), Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Y. Tsushima), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging (Y. Tsushima), Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
Alexa BeiserFrom the Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology (Y.Y., D.W., A.C., D.J.W.), and Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), UCL, London, UK; Division of Neurology (Y.Y., H.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology (A.B., S.R.P., J.R.R., S.S., P.A.W.), Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study; Department of Biostatistics (A.B., S.R.P.), Boston University, MA; Department of Radiology (M.A.v.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Neurology (D.D.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Icelandic Heart Association (V.G.), Kopavogur; University of Iceland (V.G.), Reykjavik; Department of Neurosurgery (T.I.), Kushiro City General Hospital; Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation (K.K.), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Intramural Research Program (L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia (V.M., Z.W., Y.X.), Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Stroke and Aging Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health (T.P., V.S.), and Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Clinical School, Central Clinical School (V.S.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Center for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (Y. Takashima), Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Y. Tsushima), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging (Y. Tsushima), Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
Mark A van BuchemFrom the Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology (Y.Y., D.W., A.C., D.J.W.), and Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), UCL, London, UK; Division of Neurology (Y.Y., H.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology (A.B., S.R.P., J.R.R., S.S., P.A.W.), Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study; Department of Biostatistics (A.B., S.R.P.), Boston University, MA; Department of Radiology (M.A.v.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Neurology (D.D.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Icelandic Heart Association (V.G.), Kopavogur; University of Iceland (V.G.), Reykjavik; Department of Neurosurgery (T.I.), Kushiro City General Hospital; Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation (K.K.), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Intramural Research Program (L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia (V.M., Z.W., Y.X.), Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Stroke and Aging Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health (T.P., V.S.), and Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Clinical School, Central Clinical School (V.S.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Center for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (Y. Takashima), Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Y. Tsushima), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging (Y. Tsushima), Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
Charles DeCarliFrom the Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology (Y.Y., D.W., A.C., D.J.W.), and Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), UCL, London, UK; Division of Neurology (Y.Y., H.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology (A.B., S.R.P., J.R.R., S.S., P.A.W.), Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study; Department of Biostatistics (A.B., S.R.P.), Boston University, MA; Department of Radiology (M.A.v.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Neurology (D.D.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Icelandic Heart Association (V.G.), Kopavogur; University of Iceland (V.G.), Reykjavik; Department of Neurosurgery (T.I.), Kushiro City General Hospital; Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation (K.K.), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Intramural Research Program (L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia (V.M., Z.W., Y.X.), Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Stroke and Aging Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health (T.P., V.S.), and Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Clinical School, Central Clinical School (V.S.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Center for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (Y. Takashima), Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Y. Tsushima), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging (Y. Tsushima), Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
Ding DingFrom the Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology (Y.Y., D.W., A.C., D.J.W.), and Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), UCL, London, UK; Division of Neurology (Y.Y., H.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology (A.B., S.R.P., J.R.R., S.S., P.A.W.), Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study; Department of Biostatistics (A.B., S.R.P.), Boston University, MA; Department of Radiology (M.A.v.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Neurology (D.D.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Icelandic Heart Association (V.G.), Kopavogur; University of Iceland (V.G.), Reykjavik; Department of Neurosurgery (T.I.), Kushiro City General Hospital; Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation (K.K.), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Intramural Research Program (L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia (V.M., Z.W., Y.X.), Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Stroke and Aging Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health (T.P., V.S.), and Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Clinical School, Central Clinical School (V.S.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Center for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (Y. Takashima), Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Y. Tsushima), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging (Y. Tsushima), Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
Villi GudnasonFrom the Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology (Y.Y., D.W., A.C., D.J.W.), and Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), UCL, London, UK; Division of Neurology (Y.Y., H.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology (A.B., S.R.P., J.R.R., S.S., P.A.W.), Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study; Department of Biostatistics (A.B., S.R.P.), Boston University, MA; Department of Radiology (M.A.v.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Neurology (D.D.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Icelandic Heart Association (V.G.), Kopavogur; University of Iceland (V.G.), Reykjavik; Department of Neurosurgery (T.I.), Kushiro City General Hospital; Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation (K.K.), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Intramural Research Program (L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia (V.M., Z.W., Y.X.), Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Stroke and Aging Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health (T.P., V.S.), and Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Clinical School, Central Clinical School (V.S.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Center for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (Y. Takashima), Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Y. Tsushima), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging (Y. Tsushima), Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
Hideo HaraFrom the Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology (Y.Y., D.W., A.C., D.J.W.), and Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), UCL, London, UK; Division of Neurology (Y.Y., H.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology (A.B., S.R.P., J.R.R., S.S., P.A.W.), Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study; Department of Biostatistics (A.B., S.R.P.), Boston University, MA; Department of Radiology (M.A.v.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Neurology (D.D.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Icelandic Heart Association (V.G.), Kopavogur; University of Iceland (V.G.), Reykjavik; Department of Neurosurgery (T.I.), Kushiro City General Hospital; Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation (K.K.), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Intramural Research Program (L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia (V.M., Z.W., Y.X.), Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Stroke and Aging Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health (T.P., V.S.), and Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Clinical School, Central Clinical School (V.S.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Center for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (Y. Takashima), Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Y. Tsushima), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging (Y. Tsushima), Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
Toshio ImaizumiFrom the Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology (Y.Y., D.W., A.C., D.J.W.), and Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), UCL, London, UK; Division of Neurology (Y.Y., H.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology (A.B., S.R.P., J.R.R., S.S., P.A.W.), Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study; Department of Biostatistics (A.B., S.R.P.), Boston University, MA; Department of Radiology (M.A.v.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Neurology (D.D.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Icelandic Heart Association (V.G.), Kopavogur; University of Iceland (V.G.), Reykjavik; Department of Neurosurgery (T.I.), Kushiro City General Hospital; Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation (K.K.), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Intramural Research Program (L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia (V.M., Z.W., Y.X.), Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Stroke and Aging Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health (T.P., V.S.), and Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Clinical School, Central Clinical School (V.S.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Center for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (Y. Takashima), Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Y. Tsushima), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging (Y. Tsushima), Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
Katsuhiko KoharaFrom the Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology (Y.Y., D.W., A.C., D.J.W.), and Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), UCL, London, UK; Division of Neurology (Y.Y., H.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology (A.B., S.R.P., J.R.R., S.S., P.A.W.), Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study; Department of Biostatistics (A.B., S.R.P.), Boston University, MA; Department of Radiology (M.A.v.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Neurology (D.D.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Icelandic Heart Association (V.G.), Kopavogur; University of Iceland (V.G.), Reykjavik; Department of Neurosurgery (T.I.), Kushiro City General Hospital; Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation (K.K.), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Intramural Research Program (L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia (V.M., Z.W., Y.X.), Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Stroke and Aging Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health (T.P., V.S.), and Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Clinical School, Central Clinical School (V.S.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Center for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (Y. Takashima), Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Y. Tsushima), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging (Y. Tsushima), Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
Hyung-Min KwonFrom the Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology (Y.Y., D.W., A.C., D.J.W.), and Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), UCL, London, UK; Division of Neurology (Y.Y., H.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology (A.B., S.R.P., J.R.R., S.S., P.A.W.), Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study; Department of Biostatistics (A.B., S.R.P.), Boston University, MA; Department of Radiology (M.A.v.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Neurology (D.D.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Icelandic Heart Association (V.G.), Kopavogur; University of Iceland (V.G.), Reykjavik; Department of Neurosurgery (T.I.), Kushiro City General Hospital; Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation (K.K.), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Intramural Research Program (L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia (V.M., Z.W., Y.X.), Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Stroke and Aging Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health (T.P., V.S.), and Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Clinical School, Central Clinical School (V.S.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Center for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (Y. Takashima), Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Y. Tsushima), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging (Y. Tsushima), Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
Lenore J LaunerFrom the Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology (Y.Y., D.W., A.C., D.J.W.), and Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), UCL, London, UK; Division of Neurology (Y.Y., H.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology (A.B., S.R.P., J.R.R., S.S., P.A.W.), Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study; Department of Biostatistics (A.B., S.R.P.), Boston University, MA; Department of Radiology (M.A.v.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Neurology (D.D.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Icelandic Heart Association (V.G.), Kopavogur; University of Iceland (V.G.), Reykjavik; Department of Neurosurgery (T.I.), Kushiro City General Hospital; Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation (K.K.), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Intramural Research Program (L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia (V.M., Z.W., Y.X.), Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Stroke and Aging Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health (T.P., V.S.), and Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Clinical School, Central Clinical School (V.S.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Center for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (Y. Takashima), Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Y. Tsushima), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging (Y. Tsushima), Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
Vincent MokFrom the Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology (Y.Y., D.W., A.C., D.J.W.), and Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), UCL, London, UK; Division of Neurology (Y.Y., H.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology (A.B., S.R.P., J.R.R., S.S., P.A.W.), Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study; Department of Biostatistics (A.B., S.R.P.), Boston University, MA; Department of Radiology (M.A.v.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Neurology (D.D.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Icelandic Heart Association (V.G.), Kopavogur; University of Iceland (V.G.), Reykjavik; Department of Neurosurgery (T.I.), Kushiro City General Hospital; Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation (K.K.), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Intramural Research Program (L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia (V.M., Z.W., Y.X.), Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Stroke and Aging Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health (T.P., V.S.), and Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Clinical School, Central Clinical School (V.S.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Center for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (Y. Takashima), Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Y. Tsushima), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging (Y. Tsushima), Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
Thanh PhanFrom the Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology (Y.Y., D.W., A.C., D.J.W.), and Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), UCL, London, UK; Division of Neurology (Y.Y., H.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology (A.B., S.R.P., J.R.R., S.S., P.A.W.), Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study; Department of Biostatistics (A.B., S.R.P.), Boston University, MA; Department of Radiology (M.A.v.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Neurology (D.D.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Icelandic Heart Association (V.G.), Kopavogur; University of Iceland (V.G.), Reykjavik; Department of Neurosurgery (T.I.), Kushiro City General Hospital; Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation (K.K.), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Intramural Research Program (L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia (V.M., Z.W., Y.X.), Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Stroke and Aging Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health (T.P., V.S.), and Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Clinical School, Central Clinical School (V.S.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Center for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (Y. Takashima), Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Y. Tsushima), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging (Y. Tsushima), Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
Sarah R PreisFrom the Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology (Y.Y., D.W., A.C., D.J.W.), and Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), UCL, London, UK; Division of Neurology (Y.Y., H.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology (A.B., S.R.P., J.R.R., S.S., P.A.W.), Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study; Department of Biostatistics (A.B., S.R.P.), Boston University, MA; Department of Radiology (M.A.v.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Neurology (D.D.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Icelandic Heart Association (V.G.), Kopavogur; University of Iceland (V.G.), Reykjavik; Department of Neurosurgery (T.I.), Kushiro City General Hospital; Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation (K.K.), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Intramural Research Program (L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia (V.M., Z.W., Y.X.), Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Stroke and Aging Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health (T.P., V.S.), and Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Clinical School, Central Clinical School (V.S.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Center for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (Y. Takashima), Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Y. Tsushima), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging (Y. Tsushima), Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
José Rafael RomeroFrom the Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology (Y.Y., D.W., A.C., D.J.W.), and Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), UCL, London, UK; Division of Neurology (Y.Y., H.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology (A.B., S.R.P., J.R.R., S.S., P.A.W.), Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study; Department of Biostatistics (A.B., S.R.P.), Boston University, MA; Department of Radiology (M.A.v.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Neurology (D.D.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Icelandic Heart Association (V.G.), Kopavogur; University of Iceland (V.G.), Reykjavik; Department of Neurosurgery (T.I.), Kushiro City General Hospital; Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation (K.K.), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Intramural Research Program (L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia (V.M., Z.W., Y.X.), Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Stroke and Aging Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health (T.P., V.S.), and Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Clinical School, Central Clinical School (V.S.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Center for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (Y. Takashima), Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Y. Tsushima), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging (Y. Tsushima), Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
Sudha SeshadriFrom the Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology (Y.Y., D.W., A.C., D.J.W.), and Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), UCL, London, UK; Division of Neurology (Y.Y., H.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology (A.B., S.R.P., J.R.R., S.S., P.A.W.), Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study; Department of Biostatistics (A.B., S.R.P.), Boston University, MA; Department of Radiology (M.A.v.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Neurology (D.D.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Icelandic Heart Association (V.G.), Kopavogur; University of Iceland (V.G.), Reykjavik; Department of Neurosurgery (T.I.), Kushiro City General Hospital; Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation (K.K.), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Intramural Research Program (L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia (V.M., Z.W., Y.X.), Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Stroke and Aging Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health (T.P., V.S.), and Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Clinical School, Central Clinical School (V.S.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Center for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (Y. Takashima), Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Y. Tsushima), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging (Y. Tsushima), Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
Velandai SrikanthFrom the Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology (Y.Y., D.W., A.C., D.J.W.), and Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), UCL, London, UK; Division of Neurology (Y.Y., H.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology (A.B., S.R.P., J.R.R., S.S., P.A.W.), Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study; Department of Biostatistics (A.B., S.R.P.), Boston University, MA; Department of Radiology (M.A.v.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Neurology (D.D.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Icelandic Heart Association (V.G.), Kopavogur; University of Iceland (V.G.), Reykjavik; Department of Neurosurgery (T.I.), Kushiro City General Hospital; Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation (K.K.), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Intramural Research Program (L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia (V.M., Z.W., Y.X.), Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Stroke and Aging Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health (T.P., V.S.), and Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Clinical School, Central Clinical School (V.S.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Center for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (Y. Takashima), Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Y. Tsushima), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging (Y. Tsushima), Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
Yuki TakashimaFrom the Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology (Y.Y., D.W., A.C., D.J.W.), and Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), UCL, London, UK; Division of Neurology (Y.Y., H.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology (A.B., S.R.P., J.R.R., S.S., P.A.W.), Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study; Department of Biostatistics (A.B., S.R.P.), Boston University, MA; Department of Radiology (M.A.v.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Neurology (D.D.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Icelandic Heart Association (V.G.), Kopavogur; University of Iceland (V.G.), Reykjavik; Department of Neurosurgery (T.I.), Kushiro City General Hospital; Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation (K.K.), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Intramural Research Program (L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia (V.M., Z.W., Y.X.), Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Stroke and Aging Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health (T.P., V.S.), and Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Clinical School, Central Clinical School (V.S.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Center for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (Y. Takashima), Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Y. Tsushima), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging (Y. Tsushima), Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
Yoshito TsushimaFrom the Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology (Y.Y., D.W., A.C., D.J.W.), and Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), UCL, London, UK; Division of Neurology (Y.Y., H.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology (A.B., S.R.P., J.R.R., S.S., P.A.W.), Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study; Department of Biostatistics (A.B., S.R.P.), Boston University, MA; Department of Radiology (M.A.v.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Neurology (D.D.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Icelandic Heart Association (V.G.), Kopavogur; University of Iceland (V.G.), Reykjavik; Department of Neurosurgery (T.I.), Kushiro City General Hospital; Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation (K.K.), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Intramural Research Program (L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia (V.M., Z.W., Y.X.), Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Stroke and Aging Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health (T.P., V.S.), and Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Clinical School, Central Clinical School (V.S.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Center for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (Y. Takashima), Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Y. Tsushima), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging (Y. Tsushima), Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
Zhaolu WangFrom the Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology (Y.Y., D.W., A.C., D.J.W.), and Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), UCL, London, UK; Division of Neurology (Y.Y., H.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology (A.B., S.R.P., J.R.R., S.S., P.A.W.), Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study; Department of Biostatistics (A.B., S.R.P.), Boston University, MA; Department of Radiology (M.A.v.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Neurology (D.D.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Icelandic Heart Association (V.G.), Kopavogur; University of Iceland (V.G.), Reykjavik; Department of Neurosurgery (T.I.), Kushiro City General Hospital; Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation (K.K.), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Intramural Research Program (L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia (V.M., Z.W., Y.X.), Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Stroke and Aging Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health (T.P., V.S.), and Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Clinical School, Central Clinical School (V.S.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Center for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (Y. Takashima), Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Y. Tsushima), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging (Y. Tsushima), Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
Philip A WolfFrom the Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology (Y.Y., D.W., A.C., D.J.W.), and Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), UCL, London, UK; Division of Neurology (Y.Y., H.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology (A.B., S.R.P., J.R.R., S.S., P.A.W.), Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study; Department of Biostatistics (A.B., S.R.P.), Boston University, MA; Department of Radiology (M.A.v.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Neurology (D.D.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Icelandic Heart Association (V.G.), Kopavogur; University of Iceland (V.G.), Reykjavik; Department of Neurosurgery (T.I.), Kushiro City General Hospital; Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation (K.K.), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Intramural Research Program (L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia (V.M., Z.W., Y.X.), Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Stroke and Aging Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health (T.P., V.S.), and Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Clinical School, Central Clinical School (V.S.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Center for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (Y. Takashima), Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Y. Tsushima), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging (Y. Tsushima), Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
Yunyun XiongFrom the Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology (Y.Y., D.W., A.C., D.J.W.), and Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), UCL, London, UK; Division of Neurology (Y.Y., H.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology (A.B., S.R.P., J.R.R., S.S., P.A.W.), Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study; Department of Biostatistics (A.B., S.R.P.), Boston University, MA; Department of Radiology (M.A.v.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Neurology (D.D.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Icelandic Heart Association (V.G.), Kopavogur; University of Iceland (V.G.), Reykjavik; Department of Neurosurgery (T.I.), Kushiro City General Hospital; Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation (K.K.), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Intramural Research Program (L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia (V.M., Z.W., Y.X.), Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Stroke and Aging Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health (T.P., V.S.), and Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Clinical School, Central Clinical School (V.S.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Center for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (Y. Takashima), Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Y. Tsushima), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging (Y. Tsushima), Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
Shuhei YamaguchiFrom the Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology (Y.Y., D.W., A.C., D.J.W.), and Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), UCL, London, UK; Division of Neurology (Y.Y., H.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology (A.B., S.R.P., J.R.R., S.S., P.A.W.), Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study; Department of Biostatistics (A.B., S.R.P.), Boston University, MA; Department of Radiology (M.A.v.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Neurology (D.D.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Icelandic Heart Association (V.G.), Kopavogur; University of Iceland (V.G.), Reykjavik; Department of Neurosurgery (T.I.), Kushiro City General Hospital; Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation (K.K.), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Intramural Research Program (L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia (V.M., Z.W., Y.X.), Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Stroke and Aging Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health (T.P., V.S.), and Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Clinical School, Central Clinical School (V.S.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Center for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (Y. Takashima), Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Y. Tsushima), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging (Y. Tsushima), Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
David J WerringFrom the Stroke Research Center, Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology (Y.Y., D.W., A.C., D.J.W.), and Department of Statistical Science (G.A.), UCL, London, UK; Division of Neurology (Y.Y., H.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology (A.B., S.R.P., J.R.R., S.S., P.A.W.), Boston University and the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study; Department of Biostatistics (A.B., S.R.P.), Boston University, MA; Department of Radiology (M.A.v.B.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (C.D.), University of California Davis; Department of Neurology (D.D.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Icelandic Heart Association (V.G.), Kopavogur; University of Iceland (V.G.), Reykjavik; Department of Neurosurgery (T.I.), Kushiro City General Hospital; Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation (K.K.), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan; Department of Neurology (H.-M.K.), SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Intramural Research Program (L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Center for Prevention of Dementia (V.M., Z.W., Y.X.), Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Stroke and Aging Research Group, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Science at Monash Health (T.P., V.S.), and Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Clinical School, Central Clinical School (V.S.), Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Center for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (Y. Takashima), Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (Y. Tsushima), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging (Y. Tsushima), Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi; and Department of Neurology (S.Y.), Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan. d.werring@ucl.ac.uk.
Institute of Ophthalmology · MX

Funding

UC Davis Alzheimer's Disease Core CenterP30AG010129 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS · PI DECARLI, CHARLES · 1991 to 2020
$28.3M
PRECURSORS OF STROKE INCIDENCE AND PROGNOSISR01NS017950 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI Hugo Javier Aparicio, Jose Rafael Romero · 1985 to 2026
$22.9M
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DEMENTIA IN THE FRAMINGHAM STUDYR01AG008122 · NIA · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI AU, RHODA, SESHADRI, SUDHA · 1989 to 2015
$14.4M
MRI, Genetics &Cognitive Precursors of AD &DementiaR01AG016495 · NIA · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI AU, RHODA · 1999 to 2016
$12.5M
Temporal Trends, Novel Imaging and Molecular Characterization of Preclinical and Clinical Alzheimer's Disease in the Framingham CohortsR01AG054076 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI DECARLI, CHARLES, SESHADRI, SUDHA · 2016 to 2020
$12.3M
CLINICAL PROJECT: Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility Study on the Multi-omics of Aging: A clinical epidemiologic prospective studyZIAAG007380 · NIA · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING · PI LAUNER, LENORE J · 2009 to 2025
$6.1M
Collaborative GWAS of Dementia, AD and related MRI and Cognitive EndophenotypesR01AG033193 · NIA · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI SESHADRI, SUDHA · 2009 to 2016
$4.4M
Framingham: Inflammation, Genes &Cardiovascular DiseaseR01HL076784 · NHLBI · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI BENJAMIN, EMELIA J. · 2004 to 2008
$3.9M
Microglial, Inflammatory and Omics Markers of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in the CHARGE ConsortiumUH3NS100605 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI FORNAGE, MYRIAM, SESHADRI, SUDHA · 2018 to 2020
$3.0M
Brain aging and cardiovascular risk factors and diseaseZIAAG007480 · NIA · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING · PI LAUNER, LENORE J · 2011 to 2025
$2.7M
Aging and Inflammation: Longitudinal Markers and Genetics in the Framingham StudyR01AG028321 · NIA · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI BENJAMIN, EMELIA J. · 2006 to 2010
$1.8M
ADSP Follow-up in Multi-Ethnic Cohorts via Endophenotypes, Omics & Model SystemsU01AG052409 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI FORNAGE, MYRIAM, SESHADRI, SUDHA · 2016 to 2020
$1.6M
NHLBI NIH HHS N01 HC025195NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL076784NIA NIH HHS K23 AG038444NIA NIH HHS N01 AG012100NIA NIH HHS P30 AG010129NIA NIH HHS R01 AG008122NIA NIH HHS R01 AG016495NIA NIH HHS R01 AG028321NIA NIH HHS R01 AG031287NIA NIH HHS R01 AG033193NIA NIH HHS R01 AG054076NIA NIH HHS U01 AG052409NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS017950NINDS NIH HHS UH3 NS100605
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveWe investigated differences in the anatomical distribution of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) on MRI, hypothesized to indicate the type of underlying cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), between Eastern and Western general populations.

methodsWe analyzed data from 11 studies identified by a PubMed search between 1996 and April 2014 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data. Study quality measures indicated low or medium risk of bias. We included stroke-free participants from populations aged between 55 and 75 years, categorized by geographic location (Eastern or Western). We categorized CMB distribution (strictly lobar, deep and/or infratentorial [D/I], or mixed [i.e., CMBs located in both lobar and D/I regions]). We tested the hypothesis that Eastern and Western populations have different anatomical distributions of CMBs using multivariable mixed effects logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, and hypertension and clustering by institution.

resultsAmong 8,595 stroke-free individuals (mean age [SD] 66.7 [5.6] years; 48% male; 42% from a Western population), 624 (7.3%) had CMBs (strictly lobar in 3.1%; D/I or mixed in 4.2%). In multivariable mixed effects models, Eastern populations had higher odds of D/I or mixed CMBs (adjusted odds ratio 2.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.77-4.35) compared to Western populations. Eastern populations had a higher number of D/I or mixed CMBs (adjusted prevalence ratio 2.83, 95% CI 1.27-6.31).

conclusionsEastern and Western general populations have different anatomical distributions of CMBs, suggesting differences in the spectrum of predominant underlying SVDs, with potential implications for SVD diagnosis and treatment.

Indexed as

AgedCerebral HemorrhageFemaleHumansMaleMiddle Aged

Identifiers

PMID30709966
PMCPMC6442016
OpenAlexW2911723166

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