ArticleGenome research2019
CG dinucleotides enhance promoter activity independent of DNA methylation.
Article in Genome research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Chromatin-dependent motif syntax defines differentiation trajectories.Molecular cell · 2025Article
- Methylation entropy landscape of Chinese long-lived individuals reveals lower epigenetic noise related to human healthy aging.Aging cell · 2024Article
- C and G are frequently mutated into T and A in coding regions of human genes.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2024Article
- Single-cell methylation analysis of brain tissue prioritizes mutations that alter transcription.Cell genomics · 2023Article
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- The homeodomain of Oct4 is a dimeric binder of methylated CpG elements.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- Predicting transcriptional responses to heat and drought stress from genomic features using a machine learning approach in rice.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- Gene body methylation in cancer: molecular mechanisms and clinical applications.Clinical epigenetics · 2022Review
- Distinctive aspects of the placental epigenome and theories as to how they arise.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Review
- Super-enhancers conserved within placental mammals maintain stem cell pluripotency.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Origin, evolution, and tissue-specific functions of the porcine repetitive element 1.Genetics, selection, evolution : GSE · 2022Article
- Determinants of heritable gene silencing for KRAB-dCas9 + DNMT3 and Ezh2-dCas9 + DNMT3 hit-and-run epigenome editing.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- Intragenic CpG Islands and Their Impact on Gene Regulation.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Distinct transcription kinetics of pluripotent cell states.Molecular systems biology · 2022Article
- RBPSpot: Learning on appropriate contextual information for RBP binding sites discovery.iScience · 2021Article
- Article
- Orphan CpG islands amplify poised enhancer regulatory activity and determine target gene responsiveness.Nature genetics · 2021Article
- Species-Specific Relationships between DNA and Chromatin Properties of CpG Islands in Embryonic Stem Cells and Differentiated Cells.Stem cell reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Most mammalian RNA polymerase II initiation events occur at CpG islands, which are rich in CpGs and devoid of DNA methylation. Despite their relevance for gene regulation, it is unknown to what extent the CpG dinucleotide itself actually contributes to promoter activity. To address this question, we determined the transcriptional activity of a large number of chromosomally integrated promoter constructs and monitored binding of transcription factors assumed to play a role in CpG island activity. This revealed that CpG density significantly improves motif-based prediction of transcription factor binding. Our experiments also show that high CpG density alone is insufficient for transcriptional activity, yet results in increased transcriptional output when combined with particular transcription factor motifs. However, this CpG contribution to promoter activity is independent of DNA methyltransferase activity. Together, this refines our understanding of mammalian promoter regulation as it shows that high CpG density within CpG islands directly contributes to an environment permissive for full transcriptional activity.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.