ArticlePloS one2019
Axial length and its associations in a Russian population: The Ural Eye and Medical Study.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Complications of Myopia: A Review and Meta-Analysis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Pooled it
- Anisometropia and Its Related Traits: Ocular, Systemic, and Genetic Characteristics-Results From the Gutenberg Health Study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Risk Factors for Adult Axial Length Elongation: A 5-Year Population-Based Cohort Study.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- From ciliary sulcus asymmetry to vault prediction: an hSTS-based approach to individualized sizing of implantable collamer lenses in myopic eyes.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Causal association between different types of ametropia and risk of diabetic retinopathy: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Refractive development III: Variations in emmetropia and ametropia.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Article
- Ocular biometric parameters among Han and Uyghur young adults with myopia in Xinjiang, China.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Retinal Pigment Epithelium Curvature Can Predict Late Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Novel anthropometric indices are superior adiposity indexes to portend visual impairment in middle-aged and older Chinese population.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Influence of Ocular Biometry Parameters on the Predictive Accuracy of IOL Power Formulas in Patients with High Myopia.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2024Article
- IMI-Nonpathological Human Ocular Tissue Changes With Axial Myopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Macular outer nuclear layer, ellipsoid zone and outer photoreceptor segment band thickness, axial length and other determinants.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- (Pre)diabetes, glycemia, and daily glucose variability are associated with retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in The Maastricht Study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Association between axial length and level of education in elderly patients with cataracts unexposed to electronic devices in the first two decades of life.Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologia · 2022Article
- Associations between anterior segment biometry and high axial myopia in 3438 cataractous eyes in the Chinese population.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Prevalence of refractive errors and risk factors for myopia among schoolchildren of Almaty, Kazakhstan: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2022Article
- Axial length and its associations in the Ural Very Old Study.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Use of axial length to estimate the vitreous chamber volume in pseudophakic.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2021Article
- Analysis of Lens Thickness Distribution Based on Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography (SS-OCT).Journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of cataract and cataract-related blindness in the Russian Ural Eye and Medical Study.Scientific reports · 2020Observational
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
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Abstract
purposeTo assess the normal distribution of axial length and its associations in a population of Russia.
methodsThe population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study included 5,899 (80.5%) individuals out of 7328 eligible individuals aged 40+ years. The participants underwent an ocular and systemic examination. Axial length was measured sonographically (Ultra-compact A/B/P ultrasound system, Quantel Medical, Cournon d'Auvergne, France).
resultsBiometric data were available for 5707 (96.7%) individuals with a mean age of 58.8±10.6 years (range:40-94 years; 25%, 50%, 75% quartile: 51.0, 58.0, 66.0 years, respectively). Mean axial length was 23.30±1.10 mm (range: 19.02-32.87mm; 95% confidence interval (CI): 21.36-25.89; 25%, 50%, 75% quartile: 22.65mm, 23.23mm, 23.88mm, resp.). Prevalences of moderate myopia (axial length:24.5-<26.5mm) and high myopia (axial length >26.5mm) were 555/5707 (8.7%;95%CI:9.0,10.5) and 78/5707 (1.4%;95%CI:1.1,1.7), respectively. Longer axial length (mean:23.30±1.10mm) was associated (correlation coefficient r2:0.70) with older age (P<0.001;standardized regression coefficient beta:0.14), taller body height (P<0.001;beta:0.07), higher level of education (P<0.001;beta:0.04), higher intraocular pressure (P<0.001;beta:0.03), more myopic spherical refractive error (P<0.001;beta:-0.55), lower corneal refractive power (P<0.001;beta:-0.44), deeper anterior chamber depth (P<0.001;beta:0.20), wider anterior chamber angle (P<0.001;beta:0.05), thinner peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (P<0.001;beta:-0.04), higher degree of macular fundus tessellation (P<0.001;beta:0.08), lower prevalence of epiretinal membranes (P = 0.01;beta-0.02) and pseudoexfoliation (P = 0.007;beta:-0.02) and higher prevalence of myopic maculopathy (P<0.001;beta:0.08). In that model, prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (any type: P = 0.84; early type: P = 0.46), diabetic retinopathy (P = 0.16), and region of habitation (P = 0.27) were not significantly associated with axial length.
conclusionsMean axial length in this typically multi-ethnic Russian study population was comparable with values from populations in Singapore and Beijing. In contrast to previous studies, axial length was not significantly related with the prevalences of age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy or region of habitation.
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