ReviewDrugs2019
Hepatic Encephalopathy: Definition, Clinical Grading and Diagnostic Principles.
Review in Drugs, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07046429 (Effect of Supplemental Nightly Melatonin On REM and Cognition in Hepatic Encephalopathy), which is not on this map. Cited by 151 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Supplemental Nightly Melatonin On REM and Cognition in Hepatic Encephalopathy (SNORE-HE) Trial
Who cites it
151 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 316 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts for adults with hepatorenal syndrome.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Rifaximin for prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Regional citrate anticoagulation for replacement therapy in patients with liver failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Is rifaximin better than nonabsorbable disaccharides in hepatic encephalopathy?: A meta-analysis.Medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of liver support devices in acute and hyperacute liver failure: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- Beneficial effects of L-ornithine L-aspartate for prevention of overt hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Metabolic brain disease · 2020Pooled it
- Therapeutic Potential of Allicin in Multi-System Inflammatory Diseases.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- Performance of GPT-based large language models in hepatocellular carcinoma stratification: liver function assessment, BCLC staging, and treatment recommendations.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Choroid plexus cyst burden is associated with glymphatic dysfunction and cognitive impairment in hepatic encephalopathy.Hepatology communications · 2026Article
- A Novel Simplified Prognostic Model for 90-day Transplant-free Survival in Patients with Severe Acute Liver Injury/Acute Liver Failure.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2026Article
- Impact of liver cirrhosis etiology on results of diagnostic tests for minimal hepatic encephalopathy.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Article
- Advances in understanding, diagnosing, and treating hepatic encephalopathy: from epidemiology to emerging therapies.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Integrated analysis of gut microbiota structure and metabolic function in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites.Biomedical reports · 2026Article
- From Liver to Brain: A 2.5D Deep Learning Model for Predicting Hepatic Encephalopathy Using Opportunistic Non-contrast CT in Hepatitis B Related Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Patients.Journal of imaging informatics in medicine · 2026Article
- Beyond Organ Boundaries: Molecular Mechanisms of Hepatic Encephalopathy and Parkinson's Disease from the Perspective of the Gut-Liver-Brain Axis.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Serum metabolomics identifies GPC depletion in hepatic encephalopathy and its therapeutic potential for cognitive impairment.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Natural drugs modulate MAPK: targets and strategies for liver fibrosis treatment.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
91 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In general, hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is defined as a brain dysfunction caused by liver insufficiency and/or portal-systemic blood shunting. This article relates to the so-called type C HE: that is, HE in patients with liver cirrhosis. It manifests as a wide spectrum of neurological or psychiatric abnormalities, ranging from subclinical alterations, detectable only by neuropsychological or neurophysiological assessment, to coma. Several scales have been developed for grading the extent of HE. The most often used is the West Haven criteria (WHC), which differentiate between four grades of clinically overt HE. Patients with liver cirrhosis without clinically overt symptoms of HE but neuropsychological or neurophysiological findings indicating brain dysfunction are considered to have minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). For simplification, some experts suggest differentiating between covert HE (MHE plus grade I HE according to WHC) and overt HE (WHC grades II-IV). Diagnosis of both MHE and overt HE is hampered by the fact that none of the symptoms of HE or the findings in the various diagnostic measures applied are specific. Thus, a diagnosis of HE or MHE can only be made after exclusion of other possible causes of brain dysfunction.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.