ArticleEndocrine pathology2019
An Institutional Experience of Tumor Progression to Pituitary Carcinoma in a 15-Year Cohort of 1055 Consecutive Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors.
Article in Endocrine pathology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAF/MEK/ERK Pathways in Aggressive Pituitary Adenomas-New Potential Therapeutic Approach-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Ki67 in endocrine neoplasms: to count or not to count, this is the question! A systematic review from the English language literature.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2020Pooled it
- Therapy for aggressive pituitary tumors and carcinomas.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Diagnostic Utility of T-PIT, PIT-1, and SF-1 in Differentiating Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors From Sinonasal and Skull Base Tumors.Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM · 2026Article
- Impact of granulation pattern on surgical and long-term outcomes in Cushing's disease: a comparative study of DGCT and SGCT.Pituitary · 2026Article
- Aggressive and malignant pituitary tumours: does the sex matter?Pituitary · 2026Review
- Transformation of Lactotroph Pituitary Adenoma to Metastatic Pituitary Carcinoma: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- Clinical integration and application of the 2022 WHO pituitary tumor classification.Neuro-oncology advances · 2025Article
- Aggressive pituitary tumors and pituitary carcinomas: Definition, management, and overview for clinical practice.Neuro-oncology advances · 2025Article
- A Bridge Too Far? Towards Medical Therapy for Clinically Nonfunctioning Pituitary Tumors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Pituitary adenomas: biology, nomenclature and clinical classification.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- New approaches to targeted drug therapy of intracranial tumors.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- Clinical and therapeutic implications of cavernous sinus invasion in pituitary adenomas.Endocrine · 2024Review
- A Rare Prolactin-secreting Pituitary Carcinoma With Epidural and Thecal Metastases.JCEM case reports · 2024Article
- Clinical features of pituitary carcinoma: analysis based on a case report and literature review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Aggressive and Metastatic Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors: Therapeutic Management and Off-Label Drug Use.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Update on Current Evidence for the Diagnosis and Management of Nonfunctioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Review
- Aggressive Pituitary Tumors and Pituitary Carcinomas: From Pathology to Treatment.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Refractory corticotroph adenomas.Pituitary · 2023Review
- Recent Therapeutic Advances in Pituitary Carcinoma.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pituitary carcinoma is a rare disease, defined by the presence of cerebrospinal or distant metastasis of a pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET). To review our institutional experience of pituitary carcinoma, we searched the database of the UHN Endocrine Oncology Site group and the University Health Network pathology laboratory information system from 2001 to 2016. Among 1055 PitNETs from 1169 transsphenoidal resections, we identified 4 cases of pituitary carcinoma, indicating that pituitary carcinoma represents around 0.4% of PitNETs. All four patients were women. The age at initial presentation ranged from 23 to 54 years. Two patients had Cushing disease with corticotroph tumors; one was initially a densely granulated corticotroph tumor that evolved to become sparsely granulated, while the other was a Crooke cell tumor. One patient had a functioning sparsely granulated lactotroph tumor and one had a clinically silent poorly differentiated PIT1 lineage tumor. Apart from a relatively high Ki67 labeling index (≥ 10%) in three tumors, there were no cytomorphologic features at the time of initial presentation that could predict subsequent metastatic behavior. The time from diagnosis of the pituitary neuroendocrine tumor to the diagnosis of malignancy was 3 to 14 years. Therapies included somatostatin analogs, external beam radiotherapy, chemotherapies including capecitabine/temozolomide, everolimus, sunitinib, bevacizumab, and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). One patient died of disease 18 years after initial diagnosis, underscoring the protracted course of this ultimately fatal neuroendocrine malignancy.
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