ArticleInternational journal of legal medicine2019
3D analysis of computed tomography (CT)-derived lumbar spine models for the estimation of sex.
Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex estimation from morphometry of lumbar vertebrae (L4-L5): A machine learning approach.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Evaluating machine learning and neural network architectures for forensic sex estimation using mandibular ramus and notch features on panoramic radiographs.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Assessment of sexual dimorphism in all lumbar vertebrae using three-dimensional multi-slice computed tomography scan.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Sex estimation with parameters of the facial canal by computed tomography using machine learning algorithms and artificial neural networks.BMC medical imaging · 2025Article
- The footprint mismatch of cervical disc arthroplasty comes from degenerative factor besides ethnic factor.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Classification performance of the Sella-Tunis et al. (2017) sex estimation method in Czech population: different posterior probability threshold approaches.International journal of legal medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Machine Learning Models for Prediction of Sex Based on Lumbar Vertebral Morphometry.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Deep learning in sex estimation from a peripheral quantitative computed tomography scan of the fourth lumbar vertebra-a proof-of-concept study.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2023Article
- Second and third lumbar vertebral parameters for prediction of sex, height, and age in the Iranian population.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2023Article
- The Diagnostic Value of 3-dimensional Computerized Tomography (3D-CT) Scan Indicators of Mandible Bone in Sex Determination of Selected Individuals in Tehran.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2022Article
- Article
- Forensic sex estimation using the vertebrae: an evaluation on two European populations.International journal of legal medicine · 2020Article
- Morphometric research and sex estimation of lumbar vertebrae in a contemporary Spanish population.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
When skeletal remains are found scattered or in fragmentary conditions, the establishment of a biological profile of unknown individuals can be proven difficult. Consequently, multiple methods to ascertain the sex of the individual must be developed. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that computed tomographic (CT)-derived 3D models of lumbar vertebrae could capture the unique morphologies of all five lumbar vertebrae to create equations for sex identification. The models were selected from a modern population consisting of 154 males and females that measured 30 standard linear measurements, the vertebral body wedging angle, and five aspect ratios. These measurements were then used to develop discriminant function equations for sex identification. Each lumbar level was analyzed individually as well as part of the entire lumbar spinal column. The results of this study showed that L1-L5 vertebrae can be used in sex determination with an 81.2-85.1% accuracy. When all five vertebrae are used in conjunction, the accuracy is 92.2%. The accuracy of the sex estimation found in this study for all lumbar vertebrae reinforces the distinct dimorphism between sexes while also providing forensic practitioners with more options or tools for their analyses.
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