ReviewThe American journal on addictions2019
Review article: Effective management of opioid withdrawal symptoms: A gateway to opioid dependence treatment.
Review in The American journal on addictions, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 127 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
127 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 221 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence-based consensus guidelines for the pharmacological management of substance dependence: Recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2026Guideline
- Efficacy of intra-articular opioid injections for managing temporomandibular joint nociception: a systematic review.Pain management · 2025Pooled it
- Management of opioid use disorder and associated conditions among hospitalized adults: A Consensus Statement from the Society of Hospital Medicine.Journal of hospital medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Deprivation Has Inconsistent Effects on Delay Discounting: A Review.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation for Opioid Use Disorder.Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · 2020Pooled it
- Assessment of Abuse Potential-Related Effects of Oral Dried Kratom Leaf Powder in Healthy Normal Participants Following Single and Multiple Daily Doses.Drug testing and analysis · 2026Trial
- Adjunctive Psychosocial Interventions and Opioid Abstinence Among Patients Receiving Buprenorphine: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Efficacy and safety of Qudu Huiyuan Pills in the treatment of opioid withdrawal syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.Behavioural pharmacology · 2025Trial
- Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of gabapentin during outpatient buprenorphine-assisted taper and transition to injectable naltrexone.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2025Trial
- The relationship of pain intensity and opioid craving with delayed methadone dose: A preliminary study of individuals with opioid use disorder.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2024Trial
- Efficacy of transdermal buprenorphine patch for managing withdrawal symptoms in patients with cancer physically dependent on prescription opioids.The oncologist · 2024Trial
- Assessment of the physical dependence potential of difelikefalin: Randomized placebo-controlled study in patients receiving hemodialysis.Clinical and translational science · 2023Trial
- Effect of lofexidine on cardiac repolarization during treatment of opioid withdrawal.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Effects of simulated and real opioid withdrawal on delay discounting for opioids and money in people who use fentanyl daily.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- GEM-GPT Enables Personalized Cell Type-Resolved Therapeutic Design for Systems Pharmacology.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Disparities and burden of illness among hospitalized cancer patients with opioid dependence.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Article
- μ-Opioid receptor signalling enhances Kir3 currents in glutamatergic preBötzinger complex neurons in mice.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- Reporting patterns of adverse drug withdrawal events using individual case safety reports in the FAERS and Eudravigilance databases.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2026Article
- Self-reported cannabis use to manage opioid withdrawal symptoms and reductions in opioid use among people who use unregulated opioids: a cross-sectional analysis.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesThe opioid crisis has taken an immense toll in the United States. On average, five lives are lost to an opioid overdose every hour of the day; estimated costs associated with opioid misuse exceed $500 billion annually. Illicit opioid discontinuation is the first step in the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD), and transition to an opioid agonist may initiate treatment. However, discontinuation to abstinence from either OUD directly or following agonist treatment results in severely distressing opioid withdrawal symptoms (OWS).
methodsThis review evaluated studies on the etiology, burden, and management of OWS.
resultsNoradrenergic hyperactivity generates many OWS. These OWS can cause patients to relapse during early opioid discontinuation. While agonist therapies are generally first-line for moderate or severe OUD and reduce OWS, prescribing restrictions can limit their availability. DISCUSSION AND
conclusionsNon-opioid medications to treat OWS provides a gateway into long-term treatment with naltrexone or psychosocial therapies. For opioid dependent patients without OUD, non-opioid treatments like α-2 adrenergic agonists can facilitate opioid tapering. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: For the millions who are physically dependent on opioids, new treatments for OWS can enhance recovery from OUD and prevent relapse. (© 2019 The Authors. The American Journal on Addictions Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.;XX:1-8).
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.