Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30701401›Full record

ArticleCardiology and therapy2019

Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Levels at Admission Provide Incremental Prognostic Information on All-Cause Long-term Mortality in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Treated with Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Mathijs C Bodde, Maaike P J Hermans, Arnoud van der Laarse, Bart Mertens, Fred P H T M Romijn, Martin J Schalij, Christa M Cobbaert, J Wouter Jukema

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In one paragraph

Article in Cardiology and therapy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. GDF-15 as a Biomarker in Cardiovascular Disease.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2021
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mathijs C BoddeDepartment of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Maaike P J HermansDepartment of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Arnoud van der LaarseDepartment of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Bart MertensDepartment of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Fred P H T M RomijnDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Martin J SchalijDepartment of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Christa M CobbaertDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
J Wouter JukemaDepartment of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. j.w.jukema@lumc.nl.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionTo investigate the additive prognostic value of growth differentiation factor (GDF-15) levels in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients treated with primary percutaneously coronary intervention (pPCI) with 10-year mortality on top of clinical characteristics and known cardiac biomarkers.

methodsBaseline serum GDF-15 levels were measured in 290 STEMI patients treated with pPCI in the MISSION! intervention trial conducted from February 1, 2004 through October 31, 2006. The incremental prognostic value of GDF-15 and NTproBNP levels was evaluated on top of clinical characteristics using Cox proportional hazards analysis, Chi-square models and C-index. Outcome was 10-year all-cause mortality.

resultsMean age was 59.0 ± 11.5 years and 65 (22.4) patients were female. A total of 37 patients died during a follow-up of 9.4 (IQR 8.8-10.0) years. Multivariable Cox regression revealed GDF-15 and NTproBNP levels above median to be independently associated with 10-year all-cause mortality [HR GDF-15, 2.453 (95% CI 1.064-5.658), P = 0.04; HR NTproBNP, 2.413 (95% CI 1.043-5.564), P = 0.04] after correction for other clinical variables. Stratified by median GDF-15 (37.78 pmol/L) and NTproBNP (11.74 pmol/L) levels, Kaplan-Meier curves showed significant better survival for patients with GDF-15 and NTproBNP levels below the median versus above the median. The likelihood ratio test showed a significant incremental value of GDF-15 (P = 0.03) as compared with a model with clinically important variables and NTproBNP. The C-statistics for this model improved from 0.82 to 0.84 when adding GDF-15.

conclusionGDF-15 levels at admission in STEMI patients are independently associated with 10-year all-cause mortality rates and could improve risk stratification on top of clinical variables and other cardiac biomarkers.

Indexed as

GDF-15MortalityNTproBNPPrognosisRisk stratificationSTEMI

Identifiers

PMID30701401
PMCPMC6525222

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.