SynthesisThe pharmacogenomics journal2020
Genome-wide association study of antidepressant treatment resistance in a population-based cohort using health service prescription data and meta-analysis with GENDEP.
Synthesis in The pharmacogenomics journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genome-wide meta-analyses of non-response to antidepressants provide insights into underlying molecular genetics and suggest potential pharmacotherapies.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Genome-wide association meta-analysis and rare copy number variant analysis of treatment-resistant depression.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Pharmacogenomic scores in psychiatry: systematic review of current evidence.Translational psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- A genome-wide association meta-analysis of prognostic outcomes following cognitive behavioural therapy in individuals with anxiety and depressive disorders.Translational psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Polygenic heterogeneity in antidepressant treatment and placebo response.Translational psychiatry · 2022Trial
- Treatment resistant depression in electronic health records: definitions matter.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Genetic predisposition to unwanted side effects under antidepressants and antipsychotics: a molecular-genetic study of 902 patients over 6 weeks.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Comparative polygenic predispositions of treatment-resistant depression in East Asian and European populations.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Genome-wide association study of social isolation in 63,497 Japanese individuals from the general population.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Cognition in Treatment-Resistant Depression: Obstacles and Challenges?Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Genome-wide association and DNA methylation analyses of SSRI treatment response in major depressive disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Prediction of treatment-resistant depression using the 23andMe survey data.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Genetic factors and symptom dimensions associated with antidepressant treatment outcomes: clues for new potential therapeutic targets?European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Review
- Pathway-Specific Polygenic Scores for Predicting Clinical Lithium Treatment Response in Patients With Bipolar Disorder.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Exploring depression treatment response by using polygenic risk scoring across diverse populations.American journal of human genetics · 2025Article
- Genetic determinants of antidepressant and antipsychotic drug response.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Antidepressant Switching as a Proxy Phenotype for Drug Nonresponse: Investigating Clinical, Demographic, and Genetic Characteristics.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Association Between Polygenic Risk Scores and Treatment Response to Antidepressants, Benzodiazepines, and Antihistamines in Anxiety and Depression.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Treatment-resistant depression: role of genetic factors in the perspective of clinical stratification and treatment personalisation.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- Genetic Correlates of Treatment-Resistant Depression.JAMA psychiatry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 10 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Antidepressants demonstrate modest response rates in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Despite previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of antidepressant treatment response, the underlying genetic factors are unknown. Using prescription data in a population and family-based cohort (Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study; GS:SFHS), we sought to define a measure of (a) antidepressant treatment resistance and (b) stages of antidepressant resistance by inferring antidepressant switching as non-response to treatment. GWAS were conducted separately for antidepressant treatment resistance in GS:SFHS and the Genome-based Therapeutic Drugs for Depression (GENDEP) study and then meta-analysed (meta-analysis n = 4213, cases = 358). For stages of antidepressant resistance, a GWAS on GS:SFHS only was performed (n = 3452). Additionally, we conducted gene-set enrichment, polygenic risk scoring (PRS) and genetic correlation analysis. We did not identify any significant loci, genes or gene sets associated with antidepressant treatment resistance or stages of resistance. Significant positive genetic correlations of antidepressant treatment resistance and stages of resistance with neuroticism, psychological distress, schizotypy and mood disorder traits were identified. These findings suggest that larger sample sizes are needed to identify the genetic architecture of antidepressant treatment response, and that population-based observational studies may provide a tractable approach to achieving the necessary statistical power.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.