Trial reportScientific reports2019
Human skeletal muscle macrophages increase following cycle training and are associated with adaptations that may facilitate growth.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exercise Training-Induced Extracellular Matrix Protein Adaptation in Locomotor Muscles: A Systematic Review.Cells · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Neuromuscular electrical stimulation and protein during bed rest increases CD11bApplied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme · 2020Trial
- The β3-adrenergic receptor agonist mirabegron improves glucose homeostasis in obese humans.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Exercise-Induced Skeletal Muscle Secretory Factors and Macrophage Functional Remodeling: Mechanistic Advances.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Perspective: Personalized Management of Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in Post-Exercise Recovery with a Particular Emphasis on the Potential of Micro-Immunotherapy.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Macrophages, muscle stem cells, and repair; immunohistochemical characteristics in muscle growth impairments in children with cerebral palsy.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2026Article
- Skeletal Fiber Type in Muscle Pain and Dysfunction.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Prediabetes Associates With Musculoskeletal Alterations Independent of Total Body Adiposity.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2026Article
- Impact of exercise intervention on immune function during aging.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mechano-immune interactions in musculoskeletal aging: Mechanisms and translational perspectives.Theranostics · 2026Review
- From Strain to Repair: A Targeted Review of Lipid Mediators Driving the Inflammatory Cascade Following Exercise.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- CCR2Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Endurance training increases a ubiquitylated form of histone H3 in the skeletal muscle, supporting Notch1 upregulation in an MDM2-dependent manner.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- A history of omics discoveries reveals the correlates and mechanisms of loading-induced hypertrophy in adult skeletal muscle. 2024 CaMPS young investigator award invited review.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2025Review
- 25-Hydroxycholesterol as a negative regulator of diaphragm muscle contractions via estrogen receptor and CaHistochemistry and cell biology · 2025Article
- Recycle, repair, recover: the role of autophagy in modulating skeletal muscle repair and post-exercise recovery.Bioscience reports · 2025Review
- Mechanisms and Prevention Strategies of Macrophage Involvement in the Progression From Hypertension to Heart Failure.International journal of hypertension · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Skeletal muscle macrophages participate in repair and regeneration following injury. However, their role in physiological adaptations to exercise is unexplored. We determined whether endurance exercise training (EET) alters macrophage content and characteristics in response to resistance exercise (RE), and whether macrophages are associated with other exercise adaptations. Subjects provided vastus lateralis biopsies before and after one bout of RE, after 12 weeks of EET (cycling), and after a final bout of RE. M2 macrophages (CD11b+/CD206+) did not increase with RE, but increased in response to EET (P < 0.01). Increases in M2 macrophages were positively correlated with fiber hypertrophy (r = 0.49) and satellite cells (r = 0.47). M2c macrophages (CD206+/CD163+) also increased following EET (P < 0.001), and were associated with fiber hypertrophy (r = 0.64). Gene expression was quantified using NanoString. Following EET, the change in M2 macrophages was positively associated with changes in HGF, IGF1, and extracellular matrix genes. EET decreased expression of IL6 (P < 0.05), C/EBPβ (P < 0.01), and MuRF (P < 0.05), and increased expression of IL-4 (P < 0.01), TNFα (P < 0.01) and the TWEAK receptor FN14 (P < 0.05). The change in FN14 gene expression was inversely associated with changes in C/EBPβ (r = -0.58) and MuRF (r = -0.46) following EET. In cultured human myotubes, siRNA inhibition of FN14 increased expression of C/EBPβ (P < 0.05) and MuRF (P < 0.05). Our data suggest that macrophages contribute to the muscle response to EET, potentially including modulation of TWEAK-FN14 signaling.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.