ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2019
Blocking CXCR4 alleviates desmoplasia, increases T-lymphocyte infiltration, and improves immunotherapy in metastatic breast cancer.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 244 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
244 citing papers in PubMed, 393 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomimetic co-delivery nanoplatform overcomes CAF- and TAM-induced immunosuppression to augment therapeutic efficacy against triple-negative breast cancer.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- Understanding and targeting the tumour matrisome.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Explainable AI-Assisted Label-Free Raman Biosensing Reveals Therapy-Associated Spectral Signatures in Melanoma Tumors.Biosensors · 2026Article
- A mechanical reprogramming: synergistic tumor microenvironment normalization improves nano-immunotherapy delivery in prostate cancer via multiphysics modeling.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Characterization of Circ_0048766: an oncogenic circular rna promoting triple-negative breast cancer progression via the miR-329-3p/CXCR4 axis and regulated by METTL3.Cancer cell international · 2026Article
- The crosstalk between lymphatic endothelial cells and immune cells in Physiological and Pathological conditions.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- Nanomedicine Meets Immunotherapy: Advancing Adoptive Cell Therapy with Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Cancer with Sustainability Perspectives.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Glycolysis-driven cancer-associated fibroblasts shape T-Cell exclusion via the CXCL16-CXCR6 Axis: a metabolic-chemokine mechanism in tumor immunity.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) antagonism in precision oncology: Clinical applications and future directions.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2026Review
- Decoding the CAF-TAM axis: multi-omics dissection and therapeutic targeting of stromal-immune crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment.Cell death & disease · 2026Review
- FKBP5 isoforms shape immune pathways related to tumor tolerance.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Inhalable perfluorocarbon RNA nanocapsules overcome biological barriers to treat lung metastases.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Article
- Antiemesis Corticosteroids Potentiate Checkpoint Blockade Efficacy by Normalizing the Immune Microenvironment in Metastatic Murine Breast Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Peritumoural adipose tissue drives immune evasion in colorectal cancer via adipose-mesenchymal transformation.Nature cell biology · 2026Article
- Metabolic starvation-induced cell swelling drives solid stress in tumors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Current Status of Research on Losartan in Tumour Therapy.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Nanomaterial-based strategies overcome PD-1 related intrinsic immune resistance.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2026Review
- Tumor-associated macrophages and lineage plasticity in prostate cancer: from established myeloid programs to emerging spatial hypotheses.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- PLA2G16-Mediated Tetracosatetraenoic Acid Rewires Fatty Acid Oxidation to Impair CD8Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- GPCR Biased Signaling in Cancer.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2026Review
184 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancers (mBCs) are largely resistant to immune checkpoint blockade, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Primary breast cancers are characterized by a dense fibrotic stroma, which is considered immunosuppressive in multiple malignancies, but the stromal composition of breast cancer metastases and its role in immunosuppression are largely unknown. Here we show that liver and lung metastases of human breast cancers tend to be highly fibrotic, and unlike primary breast tumors, they exclude cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Unbiased analysis of the The Cancer Genome Atlas database of human breast tumors revealed a set of genes that are associated with stromal T-lymphocyte exclusion. Among these, we focused on
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.