Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30700224›Full record

SynthesisNeurorehabilitation and neural repair2019

Effect of Specific Over Nonspecific VR-Based Rehabilitation on Poststroke Motor Recovery: A Systematic Meta-analysis.

Martina Maier, Belén Rubio Ballester, Armin Duff, Esther Duarte Oller, Paul F M J Verschure

Registry-linked trialAbstract readComparative StudyMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Neurorehabilitation and neural repair, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06485115 (The Effectiveness of Combining a Home-based Digital Motor Telerehabilitation Program With Conventional Therapy in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis), which is not on this map. Cited by 106 papers, 15 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
106citing papers in PubMed, 15 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06485115 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

The Effectiveness of Combining a Home-based Digital Motor Telerehabilitation Program With Conventional Therapy in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: a Multicentre, Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversita di VeronaRan2024 to 2026Enrolled78ConditionsProgressive Multiple SclerosisArmsDigital Telerehabilitation (Euleria Home), Conventional therapy
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

106 citing papers in PubMed, 15 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  7. Comparison of immersive and non-immersive virtual reality for upper extremity functional recovery in patients with stroke: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023
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  15. Serious games for upper limb rehabilitation after stroke: a meta-analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2021
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46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Martina Maier1 Laboratory of Synthetic, Perceptive, Emotive and Cognitive Systems (SPECS), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
Belén Rubio Ballester1 Laboratory of Synthetic, Perceptive, Emotive and Cognitive Systems (SPECS), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
Armin Duff1 Laboratory of Synthetic, Perceptive, Emotive and Cognitive Systems (SPECS), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
Esther Duarte Oller2 Rehabilitation Research Group, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department Parc de Salut Mar (Hospital del Mar, Hospital de l'Esperança), Barcelona, Spain.
Paul F M J Verschure1 Laboratory of Synthetic, Perceptive, Emotive and Cognitive Systems (SPECS), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite the rise of virtual reality (VR)-based interventions in stroke rehabilitation over the past decade, no consensus has been reached on its efficacy. This ostensibly puzzling outcome might not be that surprising given that VR is intrinsically neutral to its use-that is, an intervention is effective because of its ability to mobilize recovery mechanisms, not its technology. As VR systems specifically built for rehabilitation might capitalize better on the advantages of technology to implement neuroscientifically grounded protocols, they might be more effective than those designed for recreational gaming.

objectiveWe evaluate the efficacy of specific VR (SVR) and nonspecific VR (NSVR) systems for rehabilitating upper-limb function and activity after stroke.

methodsWe conducted a systematic search for randomized controlled trials with adult stroke patients to analyze the effect of SVR or NSVR systems versus conventional therapy (CT).

resultsWe identified 30 studies including 1473 patients. SVR showed a significant impact on body function (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.23; 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.36; P = .0007) versus CT, whereas NSVR did not (SMD = 0.16; 95% CI = -0.14 to 0.47; P = .30). This result was replicated in activity measures.

conclusionsOur results suggest that SVR systems are more beneficial than CT for upper-limb recovery, whereas NSVR systems are not. Additionally, we identified 6 principles of neurorehabilitation that are shared across SVR systems and are possibly responsible for their positive effect. These findings may disambiguate the contradictory results found in the current literature.

Indexed as

HumansMotor ActivityObservational Studies as TopicRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRecovery of FunctionStroke RehabilitationTelerehabilitationUpper Extremityoccupational therapyparesisrehabilitationreviewstrokevirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID30700224
PMCPMC6376608

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.