SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2019
Vitamin D Status and Mortality: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of vitamin DAgeing research reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Mapping the citation network on vitamin D research in Australia: a data-driven approach.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Vitamin D-Binding Protein, Bioavailable, and Free 25(OH)D, and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- The Association between Vitamin D and Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review of Human Studies.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Therapeutic and prognostic role of vitamin D for COVID-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 43 observational studies.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2021Pooled it
- Adequacy of an Altitude Fitness Program (Living and Training) plus Intermittent Exposure to Hypoxia for Improving Hematological Biomarkers and Sports Performance of Elite Athletes: A Single-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- High-dose oral vitamin D supplementation and mortality in people aged 65-84 years: the VIDAL cluster feasibility RCT of open versus double-blind individual randomisation.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Vitamin D Fortification of Dairy Products in the United Kingdom: What Are the Barriers?Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Vitamin D Roles Across Developmental Stages in Pediatric Pneumonia: Linking Genetics, Microbiome, Maternal Status and Immunity.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Association Between Calcium Supplementation and Recurrence of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Article
- Vitamin D metabolites and the gut microbiota dietary index are associated with reduced all-cause mortality in US adults: a prospective cohort study.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Vitamin D and Chronic Disorders: A Review of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The association between time spent outdoors during daylight and mortality among participants of the Adventist Health Study 2 Cohort.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Associations of vitamin D with lipid metabolism, inflammation, and mortality vary by glycemic status and gender: a nationwide prospective study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Association of serum vitamin D levels and dietary vitamin D intake with latent tuberculosis infection and long-term mortality: a population-based cohort study.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2025Article
- The Interplay Between Vitamin D Deficiency, Iron Status, and Anemia Risk in Moroccan Women of Reproductive Age: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Integrating Endocrine, Genomic, and Extra-Skeletal Benefits of Vitamin D into National and Regional Clinical Guidelines.Nutrients · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased mortality, but it is unclear whether this is explained by reverse causation, and if there are specific causes of death for which vitamin D might be important. We conducted a systematic review of observational studies investigating associations between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and all-cause or cause-specific mortality in generally healthy populations. Relevant studies were identified using PubMed and EMBASE searches. After screening 722 unique records and removing those that were ineligible, 84 articles were included in this review. The vast majority of studies reported inverse associations between 25(OH)D concentration and all-cause mortality. This association appeared to be non-linear, with progressively lower mortality with increasing 25(OH)D up to a point, beyond which there was no further decrease. There is moderate evidence that vitamin D status is inversely associated with cancer mortality and death due to respiratory diseases, while for cardiovascular mortality, there is weak evidence of an association in observational studies, which is not supported by the data from intervention or Mendelian randomization studies. The relationship between vitamin D status and other causes of death remains uncertain due to limited data. Larger long-term studies are required to clarify these associations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.