ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2019
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Lung Cancer Incidence in the Multiethnic Cohort Study: An Update.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of genetic ancestry as a risk factor for incidence of non-small cell lung cancer in the US.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Pooled it
- Construction and case study of a novel lung cancer risk index.BMC cancer · 2022Pooled it
- Solitary pulmonary nodule malignancy predictive models applicable to routine clinical practice: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Ethnic Differences in Survival Among Lung Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2021Pooled it
- The Multiethnic Cohort: A Resource for the Study of Genetic and Nongenetic Cancer Risk across Populations.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Trends in the Overall Incidence and Mortality of Lung Cancer: An Extensive Longitudinal Study Utilizing the CDC WONDER Database 1999-2020.Thoracic cancer · 2026Article
- The association of epigenetic age acceleration with internal smoking dose, risk of lung cancer, and all-cause mortality in cigarette smokers: the Multiethnic Cohort study.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Article
- Lung cancer screening: are race- and risk-aware criteria needed?Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- Addressing algorithmic bias in lung cancer screening eligibility.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- Research hotspots and trends in lung cancer immunotherapy are revealed by a bibliometric study spanning the years 2004 to 2024.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Article
- Associations of prediagnostic serum liver enzyme levels with lung cancer risk in predominantly low-income African and European Americans.Carcinogenesis · 2025Article
- Genetic analysis in African ancestry populations reveals genetic contributors to lung cancer susceptibility.American journal of human genetics · 2025Article
- Ambient Air Pollution and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2025Article
- Genome-wide association study of urinary cadmium levels in current smokers from the multiethnic cohort study.Human molecular genetics · 2025Article
- The impact of immune-related adverse events on survival outcomes in a racially diverse population, with a focus on non-Hispanic Black patients.The oncologist · 2025Article
- Easy ensemble classifier-group and intersectional fairness and threshold (EEC-GIFT): a fairness-aware machine learning framework for lung cancer screening eligibility using real-world data.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2025Article
- Analysis of Lung Cancer Incidence in Non-Hispanic Black and White Americans using a Multistage Carcinogenesis Model.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Article
- Preventable cancer cases and deaths attributable to tobacco smoking in Korea from 2015 to 2030.Epidemiology and health · 2025Article
- Advancement Opportunities and Endeavor of Innovative Targeted Therapies for Small Cell Lung Cancer.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe previously found that African Americans and Native Hawaiians were at highest lung cancer risk compared with Japanese Americans and Latinos; whites were midway in risk. These differences were more evident at relatively low levels of smoking intensity, fewer than 20 cigarettes per day (CPD), than at higher intensity.
methodsWe apportioned lung cancer risk into three parts: age-specific background risk (among never smokers), an excess relative risk term for cumulative smoking, and modifiers of the smoking effect: race and years-quit smoking. We also explored the effect of replacing self-reports of CPD with a urinary biomarker-total nicotine equivalents-using data from a urinary biomarker substudy.
resultsTotal lung cancers increased from 1979 to 4993 compared to earlier analysis. Estimated excess relative risks for lung cancer due to smoking for 50 years at 10 CPD (25 pack-years) ranged from 21.9 (95% CI = 18.0 to 25.8) for Native Hawaiians to 8.0 (95% CI = 6.6 to 9.4) for Latinos over the five groups. The risk from smoking was higher for squamous cell carcinomas and small cell cancers than for adenocarcinomas. Racial differences consistent with earlier patterns were seen for overall cancer and for cancer subtypes. Adjusting for predicted total nicotine equivalents, Japanese Americans no longer exhibit a lower risk, and African Americans are no longer at higher risk, compared to whites. Striking risk differences between Native Hawaiians and Latinos persist.
conclusionsRacial differences in lung cancer risk persist in the Multiethnic Cohort study that are not easily explained by variations in self-reported or urinary biomarker-measured smoking intensities.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.