ArticleBiomaterials science2019
Redox-responsive interleukin-2 nanogel specifically and safely promotes the proliferation and memory precursor differentiation of tumor-reactive T-cells.
Article in Biomaterials science, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Nanomedicine Meets Immunotherapy: Transforming Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Treatment for Solid Tumors.Small science · 2026Review
- The progress and perspective of nanomedicine in modulating the tumor immune microenvironment.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Cell-drug conjugates: a novel drug delivery system for cancer therapy.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Advances in integrating biomaterials with CAR-T cells for enhancing solid tumor therapy.Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu · 2025Article
- Smart Drug Delivery Systems Based on Cyclodextrins and Chitosan for Cancer Therapy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Enhancing immunotherapy with tumour-responsive nanomaterials.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Interrogation of the tumor microenvironment by nanoparticles.Cancer letters · 2025Review
- Tissue-resident immune cells: from defining characteristics to roles in diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Development of Natural Killer Cell-Drug Conjugates via Membrane-Installed Liposomes for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment.Biomaterials research · 2025Article
- Memory inflation: Beyond the acute phase of viral infection.Cell proliferation · 2024Review
- Cell-drug conjugates.Nature biomedical engineering · 2024Review
- Nanotechnology Applications in Breast Cancer Immunotherapy.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2024Review
- Lipid-based nanosystems: the next generation of cancer immune therapy.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- Engineering antigen-presenting cells for immunotherapy of autoimmunity.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2024Review
- Breast Cancer Treatment Strategies Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment: How to Convert "Cold" Tumors to "Hot" Tumors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Advancements in nanomedicine delivery systems: unraveling immune regulation strategies for tumor immunotherapy.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2024Review
- Synergistic Antitumor Potency of a Self-Assembling Cyclodextrin Nanoplex for the Co-Delivery of 5-Fluorouracil and Interleukin-2 in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Cell membrane coated-nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a potent T-cell mitogen that can adjuvant anti-cancer adoptive T-cell transfer (ACT) immunotherapy by promoting T-cell engraftment. However, the clinical applications of IL-2 in combination with ACT are greatly hindered by the severe adverse effects such as vascular leak syndrome (VLS). Here, we developed a synthetic delivery strategy for IL-2 via backpacking redox-responsive IL-2/Fc nanogels (NGs) to the plasma membrane of adoptively transferred T-cells. The NGs prepared by traceless chemical cross-linking of cytokine proteins selectively released the cargos in response to T-cell receptor activation upon antigen recognition in tumors. We found that IL-2/Fc delivered by T-cell surface-bound NGs expanded transferred tumor-reactive T-cells 80-fold more than the free IL-2/Fc of an equivalent dose administered systemically and showed no effects on tumor-infiltrating regulatory T-cell expansion. Intriguingly, IL-2/Fc NG backpacks that facilitated a sustained and slow release of IL-2/Fc also promoted the CD8+ memory precursor differentiation and induced less T-cell exhaustion in vitro compared to free IL-2/Fc. The controlled responsive delivery of IL-2/Fc enabled the safe administration of repeated doses of the stimulant cytokine with no overt toxicity and improved efficacy against melanoma metastases in a mice model.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.