ArticleArthritis care & research2020
Juvenile Sjögren's Syndrome: Clinical Characteristics With Focus on Salivary Gland Ultrasonography.
Article in Arthritis care & research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- British Society for Rheumatology guideline on management of adult and juvenile onset Sjögren disease.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Guideline
- Treatment strategies for Sjögren's syndrome with childhood onset: a systematic review of the literature.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2022Pooled it
- Managing Sjögren's Disease in Pediatric Patients.Paediatric drugs · 2026Review
- Minor salivary gland biopsies in childhood-onset Sjögren's disease show greater inflammation and more frequent fibrotic changes than in adult-onset Sjögren's disease.Arthritis research & therapy · 2026Article
- Age-specific reference values for unstimulated whole saliva flow rate in primary Sjögren's syndrome: a cross-sectional study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Pediatric Sjögren Disease: Clinical Features, Diagnostic Challenges, and Outcomes in a Single-Centre Romanian Case Series.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Presenting with Hypokalemic Paralysis in an Adolescent with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: A Case Report.Kidney & blood pressure research · 2026Article
- Childhood Sjögren's Disease: A Literature Review of an Underrecognized Autoimmune Entity in Pediatric Rheumatology.Cureus · 2025Review
- Multidimensional assessment of Juvenile Sjögren disease.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- A Comparative Analysis of Dental Caries, Mucosal Dryness, and Salivary Secretion in Pediatric COVID-19 Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Children.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2025Article
- Executive summary: British Society for Rheumatology guideline on management of adult and juvenile onset Sjögren disease.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- A Case of Pediatric Sjögren's Syndrome Diagnosed With Microcalcifications in Both Parotid Glands.Cureus · 2024Article
- Connective tissue disease-associated lung disease in children.Pediatric radiology · 2024Review
- An exceptional cause of polyuria-polydipsia syndrome in a 10-year-old boy.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Article
- Microvascular status in juvenile Sjögren's disease: the first nailfold videocapillaroscopy investigation.Clinical rheumatology · 2024Article
- Juvenile Primary Sjögren Syndrome in a 15-Year-Old Boy with Renal Involvement: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Textural Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Images as an Additional Evaluation Tool of Parotid Glands in Sjögren-Primarily Findings.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- A single-center study of clinical features of pediatric Sjögren's syndrome.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2023Article
- Ultra-High-Frequency Ultrasonography of Labial Glands in Pediatric Sjögren's Disease: A Preliminary Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Predicting lymphoma in Sjögren's syndrome and the pathogenetic role of parotid microenvironment through precise parotid swelling recording.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 9 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveJuvenile Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a rare, poorly defined, and possibly underdiagnosed condition affecting children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to characterize symptoms and clinical findings of juvenile SS and to explore the clinical application of major salivary gland ultrasonography (SGUS) in patients with juvenile SS.
methodsA cross-sectional multicenter study recruited patients with disease onset until age 18 years (n = 67). Disease characteristics were recorded, and unstimulated whole sialometry and SGUS examination of the parotid and submandibular salivary glands were performed.
resultsThe female:male ratio was 58:9. The mean age at first symptom was 10.2 years and 12.1 years at diagnosis. Ocular and oral symptoms were noted in 42 of 67 patients (63%) and 53 of 66 patients (80%), respectively. The American-European Consensus Group or American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria for primary SS were fulfilled by 42 of 67 patients (63%). Pathologic SGUS findings were observed in 41 of 67 patients (61%); 26 of 41 SGUS+ patients (63%) fulfilled primary SS criteria. Salivary gland enlargements/parotitis were noted in 37 of 58 patients and were nonsignificantly associated with SGUS+ status (P = 0.066). The mean levels of saliva were 5.6 ml/15 minutes in SGUS- patients compared to 3.3 ml/15 minutes in the SGUS+ patients (P = 0.049). A total of 36 of 41 SGUS+ patients (88%) were anti-Ro/La+ compared to 14 of 26 SGUS- patients (54%) (P = 0.001). In addition, 24 of 39 SGUS+ patients (62%) were positive for rheumatoid factor (RF), whereas only 5 of 25 SGUS- patients (20%) were RF+ (P = 0.001).
conclusionJuvenile SS is characterized by a large spectrum of clinical symptoms and findings. Several glandular and extraglandular parameters such as hyposalivation, swollen salivary glands, and autoantibodies are associated with pathologic SGUS findings.
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