Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30697948›Full record

ArticleAnatomical sciences education2019

The Benefits of an Augmented Reality Magic Mirror System for Integrated Radiology Teaching in Gross Anatomy.

Felix Bork, Leonard Stratmann, Stefan Enssle, Ulrich Eck, Nassir Navab, Jens Waschke, Daniela Kugelmann

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Anatomical sciences education, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. A Systematic Review of Augmented Reality in Health Sciences: A Guide to Decision-Making in Higher Education.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Pooled it
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  12. The impacts of augmented reality teaching tools in health professional education.Canadian journal of dental hygiene : CJDH = Journal canadien de l'hygiene dentaire : JCHD · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Felix BorkChair for Computer Aided Medical Procedures and Augmented Reality, Faculty of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9646-6846
Leonard StratmannChair for Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
Stefan EnssleChair for Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
Ulrich EckChair for Computer Aided Medical Procedures and Augmented Reality, Faculty of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Nassir NavabChair for Computer Aided Medical Procedures and Augmented Reality, Faculty of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Jens WaschkeChair for Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
Daniela KugelmannChair for Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.

Funding

German Research Foundation FA 1138/4-1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Early exposure to radiological cross-section images during introductory anatomy and dissection courses increases students' understanding of both anatomy and radiology. Novel technologies such as augmented reality (AR) offer unique advantages for an interactive and hands-on integration with the student at the center of the learning experience. In this article, the benefits of a previously proposed AR Magic Mirror system are compared to the Anatomage, a virtual dissection table as a system for combined anatomy and radiology teaching during a two-semester gross anatomy course with 749 first-year medical students, as well as a follow-up elective course with 72 students. During the former, students worked with both systems in dedicated tutorial sessions which accompanied the anatomy lectures and provided survey-based feedback. In the elective course, participants were assigned to three groups and underwent a self-directed learning session using either Anatomage, Magic Mirror, or traditional radiology atlases. A pre- and posttest design with multiple choice questions revealed significant improvements in test scores between the two tests for both the Magic Mirror and the group using radiology atlases, while no significant differences in test scores were recorded for the Anatomage group. Furthermore, especially students with low mental rotation test (MRT) scores benefited from the Magic Mirror and Anatomage and achieved significantly higher posttest scores compared to students with a low MRT score in the theory group. Overall, the results provide supporting evidence that the Magic Mirror system achieves comparable results in terms of learning outcome to established anatomy learning tools such as Anatomage and radiology atlases.

Indexed as

Augmented RealityAdolescentAdultAnatomy, Cross-SectionalComputer-Assisted InstructionCurriculumEducational MeasurementEducation, Medical, UndergraduateFemaleHumansImaging, Three-DimensionalMaleProblem-Based LearningRadiologyStudents, MedicalTeachinganatomy curriculumaugmented realityclinical anatomygross anatomy educationnovel teaching modalitiesradiology educationspatial understandingundergraduate education

Identifiers

PMID30697948
PMCPMC6899842

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.