SynthesisClinical cardiology2019
Growth differentiation factor-15 and the risk of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality: A meta-analysis of prospective studies.
Synthesis in Clinical cardiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Mortality Prediction by Circulating GDF-15 in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Biomolecules · 2022Pooled it
- Growth differentiation factor-15 and the risk of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality: A meta-analysis of prospective studies.Clinical cardiology · 2019Pooled it
- Evolving Proteomic Biomarkers in Children with Congenital Heart Defects.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Review
- Growth Differentiation Factor-15 as an Emerging Biomarker in Cardiology: Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Serum GDF15 as a supportive biomarker in female fibromyalgia patients based on a prospective case-control study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the relation between subclinical systolic dysfunction defined by four-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography and growth differentiation factor-15 levels in patients with acromegaly.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2024Article
- Macrophages as a Source and Target of GDF-15.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study of Immunoglobulin G N-Glycosylation and Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Association between plasma growth differentiation factor 15 levels and pre-eclampsia in China.Chronic diseases and translational medicine · 2024Article
- Analysis of the Associations of Measurements of Body Composition and Inflammatory Factors with Cardiovascular Disease and Its Comorbidities in a Community-Based Study.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15 and Diet Quality Trajectory Interact to Determine Frailty Incidence among Middle-Aged Urban Adults.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Growth differentiation factor-15 as a negative predictor for microvascular obstruction in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after primary percutaneous coronary intervention.The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2024Article
- Occupational quartz and particle exposure affect systemic levels of inflammatory markers related to inflammasome activation and cardiovascular disease.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2023Article
- GDF15 and its association with cognitive performance over time in a longitudinal study of middle-aged urban adults.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2023Article
- Methylation at CpG sites related to growth differentiation factor-15 was not prospectively associated with cardiovascular death in discordant monozygotic twins.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Understanding the Human Aging Proteome Using Epidemiological Models.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Ageing-related markers and risks of cancer and cardiovascular disease: a prospective study in the EPIC-Heidelberg cohort.European journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Serum growth differentiation factor-15 analysis as a malnutrition marker in hemodialysis patientsTurkish journal of medical sciences · 2021Article
- GDF-15 as a Biomarker in Cardiovascular Disease.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2021Review
- A Growth Differentiation Factor 15-Based Risk Score Model to Predict Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimPrevious studies have documented that the association between growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) the risk of patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this meta-analysis, our main objective is to explore the associations between GDF-15 and the risk of CVD or all-cause mortality.
methodsPubMed and ISI Web of Science (up to January 2018) electronic databases were browsed for eligible studies. The studies provided relevant data depicted as hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), with regard to the association between GDF-15 levels and subsequent risk of CVDs or all-cause mortality. A random-effect model was applied to pool the HR and 95% CI.
resultsThirty-one prospective studies met the eligibility criteria involving 53 706 subjects with 7020 adverse outcome events. It was concluded that GDF-15 levels were associated with an incremental risk of CVDs or all-cause mortality. Highest GDF-15 category was associated with greater risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.69-3.63), all-cause mortality (HR, 2.52; 95% CI, 2.06-2.97), and complex adverse outcome (HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.42-2.21). As each log-unit increment in GDF-15 concentration, the corresponding risk of adverse events also escalated, cardiovascular mortality (HR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.57-2.66), all-cause mortality (HR, 2.70; 95% CI, 2.29-3.12), and complex adverse outcome (HR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.64-2.29).
conclusionsJudging from the results of the data analysis, GDF-15 levels may increase the risk of CVDs or all-cause mortality.
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Registered trials
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