ReviewFrontiers in immunology2018
Nutritional Modulation of Immune Function: Analysis of Evidence, Mechanisms, and Clinical Relevance.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 233 papers, 16 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Physiological Study of a Fermented Yogurt Drink Containing Probiotics
A Physiological Study on How Probiotic Delivered to the Small Intestine Changes Microbiota
A Physiological Study of a Fruit Snack Containing Probiotics
Who cites it
233 citing papers in PubMed, 16 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 460 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation on Childhood Health.Endocrine reviews · 2026Pooled it
- A narrative review of nutritional components, health effects, and disease prevention mechanisms of dairy products.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of micronutrient supplementation on immune function in older adults: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation on Childhood Health.Endocrine reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative Effectiveness of Nutritional Supplements in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Network Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of Gut Microbiome Modulation on Uremic Toxin Reduction in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The effect of bovine dairy products and their components on the incidence and natural history of infection: a systematic literature review.Nutrition journal · 2024Pooled it
- Gender and sex differences in adherence to a Mediterranean diet and associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Zinc supplementation and COVID-19 mortality: a meta-analysis.European journal of medical research · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of Dietary Patterns on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Immune Responses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Pooled it
- Index-Based Dietary Patterns and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Pooled it
- The Role of Nutrition in COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity of Disease: A Systematic Review.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Influence of Exercise on Exhausted and Senescent T Cells: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Pooled it
- A Rapid Advice Guideline for the Prevention of Novel Coronavirus Through Nutritional Intervention.Current nutrition reports · 2020Guideline
- Effect of Fish-Derived Lipids on Inflammation Status and Health-Related Quality of Life in Women with Endometriosis.Nutrients · 2026Trial
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173 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It is well-established that the nutritional deficiency or inadequacy can impair immune functions. Growing evidence suggests that for certain nutrients increased intake above currently recommended levels may help optimize immune functions including improving defense function and thus resistance to infection, while maintaining tolerance. This review will examine the data representing the research on prominent intervention agents n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), micronutrients (zinc, vitamins D and E), and functional foods including probiotics and tea components for their immunological effects, working mechanisms, and clinical relevance. Many of these nutritive and non-nutritive food components are related in their functions to maintain or improve immune function including inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators, promotion of anti-inflammatory functions, modulation of cell-mediated immunity, alteration of antigen-presenting cell functions, and communication between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Both animal and human studies present promising findings suggesting a clinical benefit of vitamin D, n-3 PUFA, and green tea catechin EGCG in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, and vitamin D, vitamin E, zinc, and probiotics in reduction of infection. However, many studies report divergent and discrepant results/conclusions due to various factors. Chief among them, and thus call for attention, includes more standardized trial designs, better characterized populations, greater consideration for the intervention doses used, and more meaningful outcome measurements chosen.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.