ReviewFrontiers in physiology2018
Effect of Estrogen on Musculoskeletal Performance and Injury Risk.
Review in Frontiers in physiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 163 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effects of Hormonal Contraceptives on Incidence of ACL Injury Within Menstrual Cycle Phases
Copenhagen Menopause Study (COMPASS): A Randomized Clinical Trial
Who cites it
163 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 337 citations in OpenAlex.
- The influence of the menstrual cycle on muscle injuries - a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence on the acute effects of caffeine on sport-specific skills, physical performance, and physiological function in female basketball players.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of the menstrual cycle on the performance of female football players. A systematic review.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Pooled it
- Physiological Rhythms and Biological Variation of Biomolecules: The Road to Personalized Laboratory Medicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Tendinopathy: sex bias starts from the preclinical development of tendon treatments. A systematic review.Biology of sex differences · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of menstrual cycle phase, menstrual irregularities and hormonal contraceptive use on anterior knee laxity and non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury occurrence in women: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Comparative Study of the Rehabilitation Exercise 5R System and Aerobic Exercise on Postpartum Recovery: Impacts on Muscle Function and Metabolic Health.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Trial
- Effects of Hormonal Contraception and the Menstrual Cycle on Maximal Strength and Power Performance.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2024Trial
- Shatavari Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women Improves Handgrip Strength and IncreasesNutrients · 2021Trial
- Sex- and age-specific patterns in bone, muscle, and fat across adulthood and their relation to osteosarcopenic adiposity phenotype: a cross-sectional study.GeroScience · 2026Article
- A Thematic Narrative Review of Osteoarthritis Risk Factors Across the Female Life Course.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Sex hormones and menopause hormone therapy predict muscle strength across the lifespan.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2026Article
- The Longitudinal Changes of Cervical Sagittal Alignment in a Non-surgical Cohort: A 12-Year Longitudinal Study.Global spine journal · 2026Article
- Understanding Anterior Cruciate Ligament Adaptation: Structural, Mechanical, and Healing Considerations.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Investigating the association between angina and osteoporosis: a 20-year longitudinal cohort study of ELSA.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Physiological Basis of Sex Differences in Human Performance and Exercise-Associated Pathology.Clinical endocrinology · 2026Review
- Ligand-based directed differentiation to produce granulosa-like cells expressing steroidogenic enzyme genes.Stem cell research · 2026Article
- Hormonal Contraceptive Use and Musculoskeletal Injury Risk in Female Athletes: A Prospective Cohort Study.Sports health · 2026Article
103 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Estrogen has a dramatic effect on musculoskeletal function. Beyond the known relationship between estrogen and bone, it directly affects the structure and function of other musculoskeletal tissues such as muscle, tendon, and ligament. In these other musculoskeletal tissues, estrogen improves muscle mass and strength, and increases the collagen content of connective tissues. However, unlike bone and muscle where estrogen improves function, in tendons and ligaments estrogen decreases stiffness, and this directly affects performance and injury rates. High estrogen levels can decrease power and performance and make women more prone for catastrophic ligament injury. The goal of the current work is to review the research that forms the basis of our understanding how estrogen affects muscle, tendon, and ligament and how hormonal manipulation can be used to optimize performance and promote female participation in an active lifestyle at any age.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.