ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2019
Ultrasmall gold nanorods: synthesis and glycocalyx-related permeability in human endothelial cells.
Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sweet and Bright: Illuminating Glycoprotein-Mediated Endocytosis via Metabolic Labeling and NanoLuciferase.ACS chemical biology · 2026Article
- Glycocalyx Interactions Modulate the Cellular Uptake of Albumin-Coated Nanoparticles.ACS applied bio materials · 2024Article
- Impairment of endothelial glycocalyx in atherosclerosis and obesity.Current topics in membranes · 2023Review
- Improvement of Gold Nanorods in Photothermal Therapy: Recent Progress and Perspective.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Differences of the tumour cell glycocalyx affect binding of capsaicin-loaded chitosan nanocapsules.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Targeted Intravenous Nanoparticle Delivery: Role of Flow and Endothelial Glycocalyx Integrity.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2020Article
- Flow-regulated endothelial glycocalyx determines metastatic cancer cell activity.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2020Article
- Metastatic cancer cell attachment to endothelium is promoted by endothelial glycocalyx sialic acid degradation.AIChE journal. American Institute of Chemical Engineers · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundClinical data show shed endothelial glycocalyx (GCX) components in blood samples of atherosclerotic patients, linking atherosclerotic development to endothelial GCX integrity. Healthy GCX has pores no >7 nm, and shed GCX has even larger pores. Therefore, we suggest targeting and treating atherosclerosis-prone blood vessels by using nanoscale vehicles to deliver drugs via the nanoscale GCX as it becomes dysfunctional. MATERIALS AND
methodsTo test our idea, we investigated permeability of nanoparticles in endothelium, as related to a GCX expression. The present work involves nanorods, which are expected to interact with larger portions of endothelial cell (EC) membranes, due to surface area of the nanorod long axis. Conventional nanorod diameters are orders of magnitude larger than the GCX pore size, so we adapted conventional synthesis methods to fabricate ultrasmall gold nanorods (GNRs). Our ultrasmall GNRs have an aspect ratio of 3.4, with a length of 27.9±3.1 nm and a diameter of 8.2±1.4 nm. In addition, we produced GNRs that are biocompatible and fluorescently visible, by coating the surface with functionalized polyethylene glycol and Alexa Fluor 647. To study GNR-GCX interactions, we used human ECs, for species relevance.
resultsUnder life-like flow conditions, the human ECs are densely covered with a 1.3 µm thick layer of GCX, which coincides with minimal GNR permeability. When the GCX is weakened from lack of flow (static culture) or the presence of GCX degradation enzyme in the flow stream, the GCX shows 40% and 60% decreased thickness, respectively. GCX weakness due to lack of flow only slightly increases cellular permeability to GNRs, while GCX weakness due to the presence of enzyme in the flow leads to substantial increase in GNR permeability.
conclusionThese results clarify that the GCX structure is an avenue through which drug-carrying nanoparticles can be delivered for targeting affected blood vessels to treat atherosclerosis.
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