ArticleNature protocols2019
Micropipette force sensors for in vivo force measurements on single cells and multicellular microorganisms.
Article in Nature protocols, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Forces and symmetry breaking of a living meso-swimmer.Communications physics · 2026Article
- Glandular trichome rupture in tomato plants is an ultra-fast and sensitive defense mechanism against insects.Journal of experimental botany · 2025Article
- Soft matter mechanics of immune cell aggregates.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025Article
- Droplet Friction on Superhydrophobic Surfaces Scales With Liquid-Solid Contact Fraction.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Analytical methods in studying cell force sensing: principles, current technologies and perspectives.Regenerative biomaterials · 2025Review
- Article
- Toward vanishing droplet friction on repellent surfaces.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Droplet slipperiness despite surface heterogeneity at molecular scale.Nature chemistry · 2024Article
- Optically Controlled Dissolution Kinetics of Vaterite Microcapsules: Toward Novel Crystal Growth Strategies.Crystal growth & design · 2023Article
- Advances in the Fabrication and Characterization of Superhydrophobic Surfaces Inspired by the Lotus Leaf.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Measuring Laplace pressure and imaging the actin cortex during cytokinesis in cultured cells.STAR protocols · 2022Article
- Biophysical Approaches for Applying and Measuring Biological Forces.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Review
- Writhing and hockling instabilities in twisted elastic fibers.The European physical journal. E, Soft matter · 2021Article
- Theoretical Thermal-Mechanical Modelling and Experimental Validation of a Three-Dimensional (3D) Electrothermal Microgripper with Three Fingers.Micromachines · 2021Article
- Force-Based Wetting Characterization of Stochastic Superhydrophobic Coatings at Nanonewton Sensitivity.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2021Article
- 3D mechanical characterization of single cells and small organisms using acoustic manipulation and force microscopy.Nature communications · 2021Article
- AlteredeLife · 2020Article
- Dynamic force measurements on swimmingJournal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Measuring forces from the piconewton to millinewton range is of great importance for the study of living systems from a biophysical perspective. The use of flexible micropipettes as highly sensitive force probes has become established in the biophysical community, advancing our understanding of cellular processes and microbial behavior. The micropipette force sensor (MFS) technique relies on measurement of the forces acting on a force-calibrated, hollow glass micropipette by optically detecting its deflections. The MFS technique covers a wide micro- and mesoscopic regime of detectable forces (tens of piconewtons to millinewtons) and sample sizes (micrometers to millimeters), does not require gluing of the sample to the cantilever, and allows simultaneous optical imaging of the sample throughout the experiment. Here, we provide a detailed protocol describing how to manufacture and calibrate the micropipettes, as well as how to successfully design, perform, and troubleshoot MFS experiments. We exemplify our approach using the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, but by following this protocol, a wide variety of living samples, ranging from single cells to multicellular aggregates and millimeter-sized organisms, can be studied in vivo, with a force resolution as low as 10 pN. A skilled (under)graduate student can master the technique in ~1-2 months. The whole protocol takes ~1-2 d to finish.
Indexed as
Identifiers
30697007What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.