Observational studyScientific reports2019
Immune cell characteristics and cytokine responses in adult HIV-negative tuberculous meningitis: an observational cohort study.
Observational study in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Hypo-inflammation Drives Mortality in HIV-Associated Tuberculous Meningitis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Predictors of poor outcomes in neuroleptospirosis and differentiation from tuberculous meningitis: a cross-sectional analysis.Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Article
- Host-directed nanotherapy for the treatment and imaging of tuberculous meningitis.Theranostics · 2026Article
- Single-cell profiling of blood and cerebrospinal fluid in tuberculous meningitis.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- MMPs and NETs are detrimental in CNS-tuberculosis with MMP Inhibition in CNS-tuberculosis mice improving survival.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Tuberculous Meningitis Across the Lifespan.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Article
- The influence of fixation and cryopreservation of cerebrospinal fluid on antigen expression and cell percentages by flow cytometric analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The changes and its significance of peripheral blood NK cells in patients with tuberculous meningitis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Single-cell transcriptome reveals highly complement activated microglia cells in association with pediatric tuberculous meningitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Interactions between CNS and immune cells in tuberculous meningitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Hydrocephalus Caused by Tuberculous Meningitis in an Immunocompetent Young Adult: A Case Report.International medical case reports journal · 2023Article
- Recent advances in understanding the human host immune response in tuberculous meningitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Comparisons in the changes of clinical characteristics and cerebrospinal fluid cytokine profiles between varicella-zoster virus meningitis/encephalitis and other central nervous system infections.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2022Article
- Myelitis: A Common Complication of Tuberculous Meningitis Predicting Poor Outcome.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Potential disease trigger as a therapeutic option: infliximab for paradoxical reaction in tuberculosis of the central nervous system.BMJ case reports · 2021Article
- Central nervous system tuberculosis.Current opinion in neurology · 2021Review
- Tuberculous Meningitis: Pathogenesis, Immune Responses, Diagnostic Challenges, and the Potential of Biomarker-Based Approaches.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2021Review
- AlteredFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Immunopathology contributes to high mortality in tuberculous meningitis (TBM) but little is known about the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune response. We prospectively characterised the immune response of 160 TBM suspects in an Indonesian cohort, including 67 HIV-negative probable or definite TBM cases. TBM patients presented with severe disease and 38% died in 6 months. Blood from TBM patients analysed by flow cytometry showed lower αβT and γδT cells, NK cells and MAIT cells compared to 26 pulmonary tuberculosis patients (2.4-4-fold, all p < 0.05) and 27 healthy controls (2.7-7.6-fold, p < 0.001), but higher neutrophils and classical monocytes (2.3-3.0-fold, p < 0.001). CSF leukocyte activation was higher than in blood (1.8-9-fold). CSF of TBM patients showed a predominance of αβT and NK cells, associated with better survival. Cytokine production after ex-vivo stimulation of whole blood showed a much broader range in TBM compared to both control groups (p < 0.001). Among TBM patients, high ex-vivo production of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 correlated with fever, lymphocyte count and monocyte HLA-DR expression (all p < 0.05). TBM patients show a strong myeloid blood response, with a broad variation in immune function. This may influence the response to adjuvant treatment and should be considered in future trials of host-directed therapy.
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