ArticleParasitology research2019
The antidepressant clomipramine induces programmed cell death in Leishmania amazonensis through a mitochondrial pathway.
Article in Parasitology research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
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- In Vitro Assessment of the Combined Activity of Amphotericin B and CuTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Hydroxyalkyne-Bithiophene Derivatives: Synthesis and Antileishmanial Activity.Chemical biology & drug design · 2025Article
- Antibacterial Evaluation of Tricyclic Antidepressants AgainstPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Leishmaniases: Strategies in treatment development.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2025Review
- Analysis of the anti-Candida activity of tricyclic antidepressants in association with amphotericin B and their antifungal mechanisms.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2024Article
- Article
- Chalcone Derivative Induces Flagellar Disruption and Autophagic Phenotype inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- InhibitingPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Functionalized 1,2,3-triazolium salts as potential agents against visceral leishmaniasis.Parasitology research · 2022Article
- Lipid droplets of protozoan parasites: survival and pathogenicity.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2022Article
- Homology Modeling,Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- GC-MS screening and antiparasitic action ofJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2021Article
- Joining forces: Leveraging novel combination therapies to combat infections with eukaryotic pathogens.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Quinolizidine-Derived Lucanthone and Amitriptyline Analogues Endowed with Potent Antileishmanial Activity.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- An overview of the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.Faculty reviews · 2020Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite many efforts, the currently available treatments for leishmaniasis are not fully effective. To discover new medications, drug repurposing arises as a promising strategy. We present data that supports the use of the antidepressant clomipramine against Leishmania amazonensis. The drug presented selective activity at micromolar range against both the parasite forms and stimulated nitric oxide production in host macrophages. Regarding the mechanism of action, clomipramine led parasites do mitochondrial depolarization, which coupled with the inhibition of trypanothione reductase induced strong oxidative stress in the parasites. The effects observed in promastigotes included lipoperoxidation, plasma membrane permeabilization, and apoptosis hallmarks (i.e., DNA fragmentation, phosphatidylserine exposure, and cell shrinkage). The mechanism of action in both parasitic forms was quite similar, but amastigotes also exhibited energetic stress, reflected by a reduction of adenosine triphosphate levels. Such differential effects might be attributable to the metabolic particularities of each form of the parasitic. Ultrastructural alterations of the endomembrane system and autophagy were also observed, possibly indicating an adaptive response to oxidative stress. Our results suggest that clomipramine interferes with the redox metabolism of L. amazonensis. In spite of the cellular responses to recover the cellular homeostasis, parasites underwent programmed cell death.
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