ArticleSubstance use & misuse2019
Predictors of Smokeless Tobacco Susceptibility, Initiation, and Progression Over Time Among Adolescents in a Rural Cohort.
Article in Substance use & misuse, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of a Reduced Risk Claim on Adolescents' Smokeless Tobacco Perceptions and Willingness to Use.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2023Trial
- Understanding smokeless tobacco use in rural United States: A narrative synthesis of contributing factors and prevention efforts.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Differences in the Use of Smokeless Tobacco, Alcohol, and Co-Use Among U.S. High-School Students: Analysis of National Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data.AJPM focus · 2026Article
- Religiosity, school connectedness, and tobacco use susceptibility: a longitudinal study of adolescents in Mumbai and Kolkata, India.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Examining the role of freebase nicotine in the harm reduction potential of oral nicotine pouches versus moist snuff: A randomized crossover trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- Rural Pakistan's smokeless tobacco epidemic: a need for tailored interventions.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Youths' Perceptions of Nicotine Harm and Associations With Product Use.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- The Impact of Social Media Use and Gaming on Initiation of Smokeless Tobacco Use Among Rural Male Youth.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Correlates of tobacco product initiation among youth and young adults between waves 1-4 of the population assessment of tobacco and Health (PATH) study (2013-2018).Addictive behaviors · 2022Article
- Predictive validity of the original and expanded susceptibility scales for smokeless tobacco.Addictive behaviors · 2022Article
- Tobacco use among Appalachian adolescents: An urgent need for virtual scale out of effective interventions.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2022Article
- Associations between Cognitive and Affective Responses to Tobacco Advertisements and Tobacco Use Incidence: A Four-Year Prospective Study among Adolescent Boys.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- The Intersection of Rural Residence and Minority Race/Ethnicity in Cancer Disparities in the United States.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Measures of both perceived general and specific risks and benefits differentially predict adolescent and young adult tobacco and marijuana use: findings from a Prospective Cohort Study.Humanities & social sciences communications · 2021Article
- Using Latent Class Analysis to Examine Susceptibility to Various Tobacco Products Among Adolescents.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Article
- Adolescents' Perceived Risk of Harm Due to Smoking: The role of extracurricular activities.Journal of dental hygiene : JDH · 2020Article
- The Ominous beginning" Perceptions of Smokeless Tobacco Initiation among the Paniya Tribes of Wayanad: A qualitative Study.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2020Article
- Prevalence of Alcohol and Tobacco Use in India and Implications for COVID-19 - Niyantrita Madhumeha Bharata Study Projections.Journal of medicine and lifeArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUse of smokeless tobacco (ST, moist snuff and chewing tobacco) is elevated among male rural youth, particularly participants in certain sports, including baseball.
objectivesThis study aimed to assess factors associated with adolescent male athletes' ST-related behaviors over time, including: baseline use, initiation, and progression in use intensity in a school-based longitudinal cohort.
methodsBaseline and one-year follow-up questionnaires assessed sociodemographic characteristics, environmental factors, and tobacco-related perceptions and behaviors among 9- to12th-grade interscholastic baseball players in 36 rural California schools. Population characteristics were compared among ST use categories (never, experimental, and experienced users). Multivariable models using generalized estimating equations were estimated for outcomes among baseline ST never-users (ST susceptibility and future initiation) and experimenters (ST expectations and progression in ST use).
resultsOf 594 participants, over half (57%) had ever tried a tobacco product and the most common products tried were ST (36%) and electronic cigarettes (36%). Being older, perceiving less ST harm, being Non-Hispanic White, using alcohol or other tobacco products, having family or friends who use ST, and being receptive to advertising were associated with greater baseline ST use. Baseline alcohol consumption, lower perceived ST harm, peer use, and susceptibility and expectations were predictive of ST initiation and/or progression at one-year follow-up. Conclusion/Importance: Certain environmental, socio-demographic, cognitive, and behavioral factors predict ST susceptibility and later initiation and progression in use. Interventions addressing these factors have potential to prevent ST uptake and continued use within this high-risk adolescent population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.