ArticleThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2019
Risk Factors for Undernutrition and Diarrhea Prevalence in an Urban Slum in Indonesia: Focus on Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene.
Article in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Leveraging multisectoral approach to understand the determinants of childhood stunting in Rwanda: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene for Urban Poor in Low- and Middle-Income Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic through a Gendered Lens.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Interventions on Food Security and Water Uses for Improving Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women and Children Younger Than Five Years in Low-Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Temporal variations and spatial clusters of diarrheal diseases before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jakarta province, Indonesia.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Childhood diarrhoeal disease in South Asian countries: a population-based analysis.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition in the urban slums of Belagavi: a cross-sectional study among young children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Hygiene and food safety practices among mothers as predictors of diarrhea risk in toddlers in Purwawinangun Village, West Java, Indonesia.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Hygiene practice and diarrhea prevalence among underfive children in Myanmar: a cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Dietary diversity and nutritional status of children attending early childhood development centres in Vhembe District, Limpopo province, South Africa.Journal of nutritional science · 2023Article
- Article
- Characterizing Undernourished Children Under-Five Years Old with Diarrhoea in Mozambique: A Hospital Based Cross-Sectional Study, 2015-2019.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Risk Factors Associated with Diarrheal Episodes in an Agricultural Community in Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam: A Prospective Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- A Review of Selected Studies on the Factors Associated with the Nutrition Status of Children Under the Age of Five Years in South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Review
- Diarrhea in under Five Year-Old Children in Nepal: A Spatiotemporal Analysis Based on Demographic and Health Survey Data.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Unsafe drinking water and poor sanitation and hygiene lead to deterioration of the child health condition in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional and health status of children living in an urban slum and to clarify the factors contributing to undernutrition and diarrhea prevalence by focusing on water, sanitation, and hygiene from three viewpoints: household environments, child personal hygiene practices, and knowledge and awareness. The study was conducted at a preschool and two elementary schools in the densely populated area of Bandung, Indonesia. Participants were 228 pairs of children and their caretakers. The survey involved 1) anthropometric measurements (height and weight), 2) handwashing observation using a checklist, and 3) questionnaires. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, not using a towel for handwashing practices (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.37; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13-4.96) was significantly associated with an increased risk of stunting. Regarding household environments, children from households using tap water as drinking water were significantly associated with an increased risk of stunting and thinness compared with households using tank water (AOR = 2.26; 95% CI = 1.03-4.93; and AOR = 2.88; 95% CI = 1.13-7.35, respectively). Moreover, children from households using open containers for water storage were significantly associated with an increased risk of diarrhea (AOR = 5.01; 95% CI = 1.08-23.15). Therefore, drinking water management at home and proper personal hygiene practices of children are important for maintaining and promoting child health in urban Indonesian slums.
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