ArticleInternational wound journal2019
The national cost of hospital-acquired pressure injuries in the United States.
Article in International wound journal, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 210 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Clinical Study of Reprise Biomedical's Miro3D Wound Matrix in the Outpatient Management of Wounds and Ulcerations
A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Reprise Biomedical's Miro3D Wound Matrix and Standard of Care Versus Standard of Care Alone in Treating Wagner Grade 1 Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Dehiscence
Who cites it
210 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Incidence of Pressure Ulcers in Surgical Patients: A Systematic Review.International wound journal · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of Care Bundles Prevention of Hospital-Acquired Pressure Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nursing open · 2025Pooled it
- Accuracy and clinical effectiveness of risk prediction tools for pressure injury occurrence: An umbrella review.PLoS medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of silicone foam dressings in preventing pressure injuries in the sacral and heel areas of patients: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Dressings and topical agents for preventing pressure ulcers.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Incidence of medical device-related pressure injuries: a meta-analysis.European journal of medical research · 2024Pooled it
- Comparison of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, prone position and supine mechanical ventilation for severely hypoxemic acute respiratory distress syndrome: a network meta-analysis.Intensive care medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Machine learning-based prediction models for pressure injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International wound journal · 2023Pooled it
- Risk factors for medical device-related pressure injury in ICU patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Topical Application of Olive Oil for Preventing Pressure Ulcers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Reconstructive surgery for treating pressure ulcers.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Predictive validity of the braden scale for pressure injury risk assessment in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Nursing open · 2021Pooled it
- A Prospective Randomised Clinical Study Comparing Polygalacturonic and Caprylic Acid Ointment to Medical-Grade Honey in the Management of Chronic Wounds.International wound journal · 2026Trial
- Comparing the efficacy of Zinc Oxide versus Vaseline prophylactic dressings in preventing sacral pressure injuries in patients admitted to the intensive care unit.International wound journal · 2024Trial
- Cost-utility analysis and impact on the environment of videoconference in pressure injury. A randomized controlled trial in individuals with spinal cord injury.Spinal cord series and cases · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Effectiveness of an E-Book App on the Knowledge, Attitudes and Confidence of Nurses to Prevent and Care for Pressure Injury.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Cost-effectiveness of multi-layered silicone foam dressings for prevention of sacral and heel pressure ulcers in high-risk intensive care unit patients: An economic analysis of a randomised controlled trial.International wound journal · 2020Trial
- Risk Factor Analysis and Risk Prediction Model Construction of Pressure Injury in Critically Ill Patients with Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study in China.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2020Trial
- Risk factors for community-acquired pressure injuries: Findings from a large-scale Asian case-control study.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2026Article
150 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Our objective was to estimate the US national cost burden of hospital-acquired pressure injury (HAPI) using economic simulation methods. We created a Markov simulation to estimate costs for staged pressure injuries acquired during hospitalisation from the hospital perspective. The model analysed outcomes of hospitalised adults with acute illness in 1-day cycles until all patients were terminated at the point of discharge or death. Simulations that developed a staged pressure injury after 4 days could advance from Stages 1 to 4 and accrue additional costs for Stages 3 and 4. We measured costs in 2016 US dollars representing the total cost of acute care attributable to HAPI incidence at the patient level and for the entire United States based on the previously reported epidemiology of pressure injury. US HAPI costs could exceed $26.8 billion. About 59% of these costs are disproportionately attributable to a small rate of Stages 3 and 4 full-thickness wounds, which occupy clinician time and hospital resources. HAPIs remain a concern with regard to hospital quality in addition to being a major source of economic burden on the US health care system. Hospitals should invest more in quality improvement of early detection and care for pressure injury to avoid higher costs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.