ArticleJournal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI2019
Renal and adrenal masses containing fat at MRI: Proposed nomenclature by the society of abdominal radiology disease-focused panel on renal cell carcinoma.
Article in Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of multiparametric MRI clear cell likelihood scores for classification of small renal masses.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Shifting perspective: effectively incorporating the dixon method into abdominal and pelvic MRI interpretations.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2026Review
- Renal angiomyolipoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus in a pregnant woman.Radiology case reports · 2026Article
- Fat matters: practical imaging approach to microscopic and macroscopic fat in adrenal nodules.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2026Review
- In Pursuit of KI-RADS: Toward a Single, Evidence-based Imaging Classification of Renal Masses.Radiology · 2025Review
- Imaging features of perinephric myxoid pseudotumors of fat.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2024Article
- MRI Methods to Visualize and Quantify Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Primary renal myxoid liposarcoma with pancreatic invasion onFrontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Two Cases of Adrenal Malignancy With Macroscopic Fat.JCEM case reports · 2023Article
- Fat-only Dixon: how to use it in body MRI.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2022Article
- How We Do It: Managing the Indeterminate Renal Mass with the MRI Clear Cell Likelihood Score.Radiology · 2022Review
- Qualitative Heterogeneous Signal Drop on Chemical Shift (CS) MR Imaging: Correlative Quantitative Analysis between CS Signal Intensity Index and Contrast Washout Parameters Using T1-Weighted Sequences.Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) · 2021Article
- Update on MRI of Cystic Renal Masses Including Bosniak Version 2019.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2021Review
- A Rare Case of Hemorrhagic Giant Adrenal Myelolipoma: Radiographic and Pathologic Correlation.Cureus · 2021Article
- Lexicon for renal mass terms at CT and MRI: a consensus of the society of abdominal radiology disease-focused panel on renal cell carcinoma.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
This article proposes a consensus nomenclature for fat-containing renal and adrenal masses at MRI to reduce variability, improve understanding, and enhance communication when describing imaging findings. The MRI appearance of "macroscopic fat" occurs due to a sufficient number of aggregated adipocytes and results in one or more of: 1) intratumoral signal intensity (SI) loss using fat-suppression techniques, or 2) chemical shift artifact of the second kind causing linear or curvilinear India-ink (etching) artifact within or at the periphery of a mass at macroscopic fat-water interfaces. "Macroscopic fat" is most commonly observed in adrenal myelolipoma and renal angiomyolipoma (AML) and only rarely encountered in other adrenal cortical tumors and renal cell carcinomas (RCC). Nonlinear noncurvilinear signal intensity loss on opposed-phase (OP) compared with in-phase (IP) chemical shift MRI (CSI) may be referred to as "microscopic fat" and is due to: a) an insufficient amount of adipocytes, or b) the presence of fat within tumor cells. Determining whether the signal intensity loss observed on CSI is due to insufficient adipocytes or fat within tumor cells cannot be accomplished using CSI alone; however, it can be inferred when other imaging features strongly suggest a particular diagnosis. Fat-poor AML are homogeneously hypointense on T
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