ReviewFrontiers in microbiology2018
Trained Immunity Carried by Non-immune Cells.
Review in Frontiers in microbiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 140 citations in OpenAlex.
- The case for exploring innate memory in Plasmodium infection.Current opinion in microbiology · 2026Review
- Unveiling gene modules at Atlas scale through hierarchical clustering of single-cell data.Nature communications · 2026Article
- CRSwNP-derived cells retain native disease-relevant characteristics in vitro.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2026Article
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- Innate Immune Tolerance Regulates Microglia Response to Aβ Oligomers.Journal of neurochemistry · 2026Article
- Empowered pro-inflammatory features in Ly6C monocytes and altered antigen-presenting capacity in Ly6CFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Forging resilient warriors within: exercise's epic role in training innate immunity and taming inflammation's storm.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Prior Exposure of Airway Epithelial Cells to Mycobacteria Reduces Subsequent <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> Infection and Resulting Inflammation.Journal of innate immunity · 2026Article
- The role of virus in nasal inflammation.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- Propagation of monocyte exhaustion memory and underlying mechanisms.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Review
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- Immune priming in the insect gut: a dynamic response revealed by ultrastructural and transcriptomic changes.BMC biology · 2025Article
- Metabolic imprinting drives epithelial memory during mucosal fungal infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Intestinal Immune System Expression of Coho Salmon Challenged with Oxytetracycline:International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Unraveling the metabolic‒epigenetic nexus: a new frontier in cardiovascular disease treatment.Cell death & disease · 2025Review
- Ticam2 ablation facilitates monocyte exhaustion recovery after sepsis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Microbiota-mediated modulation of radiosensitivity: mechanisms and therapeutic prospects of oral and gut microbiota, metabolites, and probiotics.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Investigation of materials for the development of new molecular and cellular antiviral and antimalignancy vaccines and immunization methods: a pilot study.Biotechnologia · 2025Article
- Ischemia does not provoke the full immune training repertoire in human cardiac fibroblasts.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
"Trained immunity" is a term proposed by Netea to describe the ability of an organism to develop an exacerbated immunological response to protect against a second infection independent of the adaptative immunity. This immunological memory can last from 1 week to several months and is only described in innate immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and natural killer cells. Paradoxically, the lifespan of these cells in the blood is shorter than the duration of trained immunity. This observation suggested that trained immunity could be carried by long lifespan cells such as stem cells and non-immune cells like fibroblasts. It is now evident that in addition to performing their putative function in the development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis, non-immune cells also play an important role in the response to pathogens by producing anti-microbial factors, with long-term inflammation suggesting that non-immune cells can be trained to confer long-lasting immunological memory. This review provides a summary of the current relevant knowledge about the cells which possess immunological memory and discusses the possibility that non-immune cells may carry immunological memory and mechanisms that might be involved.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.