ArticleNature communications2019
PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade harnesses monocyte-derived macrophages to combat cognitive impairment in a tauopathy mouse model.
Article in Nature communications, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 142 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
142 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 211 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential beneficial effects of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical and clinical studies.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Bibliometric analysis of global research on PD-L1/PD-1 pathway and neurodegenerative diseases over the last two decades (2004-2023).Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Immunotherapy with a short-lived anti-PD-L1 antibody in Alzheimer's disease: a phase 1b, randomized, double-blind trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- A phase 2A/B randomized trial of metabolic modulators intranasal insulin and empagliflozin for MCI and early AD.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Trial
- Low-dose interleukin-2 in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a randomized clinical trial.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Trial
- Anti-PD-1 Therapy and Long-Term Toxic Effects Among Patients With Melanoma.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: Mechanism and pharmacological strategies.Pharmacological research · 2026Review
- Targeting glial PD-1/PD-L1 restores microglial homeostasis and reduces neuronal hyperactivity in an Alzheimer's disease model.Science advances · 2026Article
- Several methodological issues in the systematic review "PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in Alzheimer's disease".Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Bone marrow myelopoiesis dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease limits monocyte homing to the brain and drives disease progression.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Long-Term Impact of Historical BCG Vaccination Policies on Parkinson's Disease Risk: A Hypothesis-Generating Retrospective Cohort Analysis.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Blood-based immunophenotyping of T cell profiles in patients with neurodegenerative disorders.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- Adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Reprogramming Neuroinflammation: Mitochondrial Targets and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Disruption of the brain-spleen axis impairs monocyte-microglia communication and accelerates disease progression in a mouse model of amyloidosis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Immune receptor LAG3 regulates microglia function during Alzheimer's disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Senescence of T cells and organ aging.Inflammation and regeneration · 2026Review
- Obesity-driven phosphatidylethanolamine dysregulation impairs neuroimmune crosstalk and accelerates Alzheimer's pathogenesis.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2026Article
- Immune dysfunction in Alzheimer disease.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
82 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous disorder with multiple etiologies. Harnessing the immune system by blocking the programmed cell death receptor (PD)-1 pathway in an amyloid beta mouse model was shown to evoke a sequence of immune responses that lead to disease modification. Here, blocking PD-L1, a PD-1 ligand, was found to have similar efficacy to that of PD-1 blocking in disease modification, in both animal models of AD and of tauopathy. Targeting PD-L1 in a tau-driven disease model resulted in increased immunomodulatory monocyte-derived macrophages within the brain parenchyma. Single cell RNA-seq revealed that the homing macrophages expressed unique scavenger molecules including macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1), which was shown here to be required for the effect of PD-L1 blockade in disease modification. Overall, our results demonstrate that immune checkpoint blockade targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway leads to modification of common factors that go awry in AD and dementia, and thus can potentially provide an immunotherapy to help combat these diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.