ArticleDiabetes care2019
Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Risk Profile From Childhood to Midlife Between Individuals Who Did and Did Not Develop Diabetes at Follow-up: The Bogalusa Heart Study.
Article in Diabetes care, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiovascular disease in women: traditional and sex-specific risk factors.European heart journal · 2026Review
- Sex-Specific Associations of Inflammatory Biomarkers With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Across Glycaemic Status: A Prospective UK Biobank Study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- The paradox of asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis in women: gender differences.Journal of ultrasound · 2026Article
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Complications in Women and Young Adults.Current epidemiology reports · 2026Review
- Interaction between triglyceride-glucose-body mass index and age in coronary artery stenosis severity: a sex-stratified exploratory analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Population-level productivity-adjusted life years lost in individuals with type 2 diabetes in Hong Kong: a life table modelling study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Article
- Weight Loss Differentially Impacts Sex Hormones in Women and Men With Type 2 Diabetes: Look AHEAD Sex Hormone Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- The role of estrogen in the sex difference for the risk factors of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.Biology direct · 2025Review
- Sex differences in associations of metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort of adults with annual health examinations.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Impact of the Naples Prognostic Score at admission on long-term prognosis among patients with coronary artery disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Prevention of cardiovascular disease in women with type 2 diabetes: the role of incretin mimetics and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2025Review
- Linking extent of return to fasting state after oral glucose tolerance test to future risk of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: Insights from the TLGS.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2024Article
- Sex differences in circulating metabolites across glycemic status and risk of coronary heart disease.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Clinical characteristics and degree of cardiovascular risk factor control in patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes in Catalonia.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Sex differences in energy metabolism: natural selection, mechanisms and consequences.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2024Review
- Sex differences in risk factors for coronary heart disease events: a prospective cohort study in Iran.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Trends in weight change patterns across life course among US adults, 1988-2018: population-based study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Age- and sex-specific hospital bed-day rates in people with and without type 2 diabetes: A territory-wide population-based cohort study of 1.5 million people in Hong Kong.PLoS medicine · 2023Article
- Sex difference in the association of the triglyceride glucose index with obstructive coronary artery disease.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Sex differences in type 2 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveChildhood and young adulthood may represent time periods in which cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) and their cumulative exposure lay the foundation for future risk of chronic diseases. We examined the longitudinal burden of CVRFs since childhood in men and women in whom diabetes did and did not develop at follow-up. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe included 1,530 participants (mean [SD] follow-up time 33.1 [8.2] years), who participated in the Bogalusa Heart Study and had been examined at least four times starting in childhood (mean age [SD] at first examination 9.4 [3.1] years). The area under the growth curve was used as a measure of cumulative exposure to CVRFs since childhood.
resultsIn childhood, boys and girls in whom diabetes did and did not develop at follow-up had similar CVRFs. Yet, over time, women during the transition from normoglycemia to diabetes experienced greater adverse changes in total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (noted as early as 23.5 years old and persisting across adulthood up to the age of the diagnosis of diabetes); a higher burden of exposure to BMI, TC, LDL cholesterol, and FPG from childhood to midlife; and a greater change in rates of BMI, TC, LDL cholesterol, and FPG since childhood than men during the same transition (interaction
conclusionsThe greater exposure of women to and burden of CVRFs associated with diagnosis of diabetes may help to explain the stronger impact of diabetes as a major risk factor for cardiovascular events in women compared with men.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.