ArticleUltrasonography (Seoul, Korea)2019
Is thyroid nodule location associated with malignancy risk?
Article in Ultrasonography (Seoul, Korea), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Do thyroid nodules in the isthmus carry a higher risk of malignancy? A systematic review and meta-analysis.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Sociodemographic and clinical predictors of malignancy in thyroid nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- 2020 Chinese guidelines for ultrasound malignancy risk stratification of thyroid nodules: the C-TIRADS.Endocrine · 2020Guideline
- Comparative diagnostic performance of C-TIRADS versus Kwak TI-RADS for thyroid nodules: implications for fine-needle aspiration biopsy referral.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- The effect of thyroid nodule location in ultrasound on the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Explainable multimodal deep learning for predicting thyroid cancer lateral lymph node metastasis using ultrasound imaging.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Cancer Risk in Thyroid Nodules: An Analysis of Over 1000 Consecutive FNA Biopsies Performed in a Single Canadian Institution.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Thyroid nodules: diagnosis and management.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2024Review
- Should there be a paradigm shift for the evaluation of isthmic thyroid nodules?Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Article
- Article
- Thyroid malignancy in children: where does it locate?Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Global scientific trends on thyroid disease in early 21st century: a bibliometric and visualized analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Introducing a Pole Concept for Nodule Growth in the Thyroid Gland: Taller-than-Wide Shape, Frequency, Location and Risk of Malignancy of Thyroid Nodules in an Area with Iodine Deficiency.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Related factor analysis for predicting large-volume central cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Are clinicopathological features of the isthmic thyroid nodule different from nodules in thyroid lobes? A single center experience.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Article
- Diagnostic performance of US-based FNAB criteria of the 2020 Chinese guideline for malignant thyroid nodules: comparison with the 2017 American College of Radiology guideline, the 2015 American Thyroid Association guideline, and the 2016 Korean Thyroid Association guideline.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2021Article
- Thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS) for ultrasound features of nodules: multicentric retrospective study in China.Endocrine · 2021Article
- Lateral Lymph Node Metastases in T1a Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Stratification by Tumor Location and Size.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- Whirling technique for thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy: a preliminary study of effectiveness and safety.Ultrasonography (Seoul, Korea) · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeNodules located in the upper pole of the thyroid may carry a greater risk for malignancy than those in the lower pole. We conducted a study to analyze the risk of malignancy of nodules depending on location.
methodsThe records of patients undergoing thyroid-nodule fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) at an academic thyroid cancer unit were prospectively collected. The nodules were considered benign in cases of a benign histology or cytology report, and malignant in cases of malignant histology. Pathological findings were analyzed based on the anatomical location of the nodules, which were also scored according to five ultrasonographic classification systems.
resultsBetween November 1, 2015 and May 30, 2018, 832 nodules underwent FNAC, of which 557 had a definitive diagnosis. The prevalence of malignancy was not significantly different in the isthmus, right, or left lobe. Among the 227 nodules that had a precise longitudinal location noted (from 219 patients [155 females], aged 56.2±14.0 years), malignancy was more frequent in the middle lobe (13.2%; odds ratio [OR], 9.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.95 to 48.59). This figure was confirmed in multivariate analyses that took into account nodule composition and the Thyroid Imaging, Reporting, and Data System (TIRADS) classification. Using the American College of Radiologists TIRADS, the upper pole location also demonstrated a slightly significant association with malignancy (OR, 6.92; 95% CI, 1.02 to 46.90; P=0.047).
conclusionThe risk of thyroid malignancy was found to be significantly higher for mid-lobar nodules. This observation was confirmed when suspicious ultrasonographic features were included in a multivariate model, suggesting that the longitudinal location in the lobe may be a risk factor independently of ultrasonographic appearance.
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