ReviewMedical mycology2019
The endozoan, small-mammal reservoir hypothesis and the life cycle of Coccidioides species.
Review in Medical mycology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Urban soils along the Kern River and Los Gatos Creek are hotspots forApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Impacts of land use and fallowing on coccidioidomycosis incidence in California: A population-based longitudinal study.Science advances · 2026Article
- Predicting Valley Fever Outbreaks: Novel Mechanistic Models Incorporating Climate and Ecological Interactions.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The Fungus Among Us: Latency, Reactivation, and the Expanding Clinical Spectrum of Coccidioidomycosis.Cureus · 2026Review
- Enhanced Detection of Coccidioides spp. Fungi from Environmental Samples Using Droplet Digital PCR.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Molecular detection of medically relevant Sporothrix species in roadkilled wildlife in the Brazilian Atlantic forest.Mycopathologia · 2026Article
- Hybrid histidine kinases and antifungal warfare in thermal dimorphic fungi.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Review
- Hypothesis on the dust-borne atmospheric transport of Coccidioides, causative fungal pathogen for coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever).Medical mycology · 2026Article
- Article
- Current perspectives of host-pathogen dynamics in coccidioidomycosis.Current opinion in microbiology · 2026Review
- Urban soils along the Kern River and Los Gatos Creek are hotspots forbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Rapid gain and loss of a chromosome drives key morphology and virulence phenotypes in the fungal pathogen Histoplasma.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Dancing with the Dust Devil: Examining the Lung Mycobiome of Sonoran Desert Wild Mammals and the Effect ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Epidemiology of Coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever) and the Disease Ecology ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Antibody and antigen detection methods for dimorphic fungal infections.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Deadly Decomposers: Distinguishing Life History Strategies on the Parasitism-Saprotrophy Spectrum.Ecology letters · 2025Review
- Recent and Forecasted Increases in Coccidioidomycosis Incidence Linked to Hydroclimatic Swings, California, USA.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Is Pulmonary Mycoses Shadowed by Tuberculosis? Mandate to Hit the Bull's Eye-An Indian Perspective.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Characterizing the Soil Microbial Community Associated with the Fungal PathogenJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The prevailing hypothesis concerning the ecology of Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii is that these human pathogenic fungi are soil fungi endemic to hot, dry, salty regions of the New World and that humans and the local, small-mammal fauna are only accidental hosts. Here we advance an alternative hypothesis that Coccidioides spp. live in small mammals as endozoans, which are kept inactive but alive in host granulomas and which transform into spore-producing hyphae when the mammal dies. The endozoan hypothesis incorporates results from comparative genomic analyses of Coccidioides spp. and related taxa that have shown a reduction in gene families associated with deconstruction of plant cell walls and an increase in those associated with digestion of animal protein, consistent with an evolutionary shift in substrate from plants to animals. If true, the endozoan hypothesis requires that models of the prevalence of human coccidioidomycosis account not only for direct effects of climate and soil parameters on the growth and reproduction of Coccidioides spp. but also consider indirect effects on these fungi that come from the plants that support the growth and reproduction of the small mammals that, in turn, support these endozoic fungi.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.