Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30690490›Full record

SynthesisNeuro-oncology2019

Diet and risk of glioma: combined analysis of 3 large prospective studies in the UK and USA.

Ai Seon Kuan, Jane Green, Cari M Kitahara, Amy Berrington De González, Tim Key, Gillian K Reeves, Sarah Floud, Angela Balkwill, Kathryn Bradbury, Linda M Liao and 4 more

Open access · hybridAbstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Neuro-oncology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
7.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.

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  13. Environmental Hazards and Glial Brain Tumors: Association or Causation?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Ai Seon KuanCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Jane GreenCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Cari M KitaharaRadiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Amy Berrington De GonzálezRadiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Tim KeyCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Gillian K ReevesCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Sarah FloudCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Angela BalkwillCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Kathryn BradburyCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Linda M LiaoMetabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Neal D FreedmanMetabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Valerie BeralCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Siân SweetlandCancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Million Women Study, the NIH-AARP study, and the PLCO study
University of Oxford · GBDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer Institute · US

Funding

Prospective Studies of Diet and Cancer in the AARP CohortZIACP010196 · NCI · DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS · PI SINHA, RASHMI · 2009 to 2025
$21.0M
Cancer Research UK 16491Medical Research Council
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAvailable evidence on diet and glioma risk comes mainly from studies with retrospective collection of dietary data. To minimize possible differential dietary recall between those with and without glioma, we present findings from 3 large prospective studies.

methodsParticipants included 692 176 from the UK Million Women Study, 470 780 from the US National Institutes of Health-AARP study, and 99 148 from the US Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Cox regression yielded study-specific adjusted relative risks for glioma in relation to 15 food groups, 14 nutrients, and 3 dietary patterns, which were combined, weighted by inverse variances of the relative risks. Separate analyses by <5 and ≥5 years follow-up assessed potential biases related to changes of diet before glioma diagnosis.

resultsThe 1 262 104 participants (mean age, 60.6 y [SD 5.5] at baseline) were followed for 15.4 million person-years (mean 12.2 y/participant), during which 2313 incident gliomas occurred, at mean age 68.2 (SD 6.4). Overall, there was weak evidence for increased glioma risks associated with increasing intakes of total fruit, citrus fruit, and fiber and healthy dietary patterns, but these associations were generally null after excluding the first 5 years of follow-up. There was little evidence for heterogeneity of results by study or by sex.

conclusionsThe largest prospective evidence to date suggests little, if any, association between major food groups, nutrients, or common healthy dietary patterns and glioma incidence. With the statistical power of this study and the comprehensive nature of the investigation here, it seems unlikely we have overlooked major effects of diet on risk of glioma that would be of public health concern.

Indexed as

AgedBrain NeoplasmsDietFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGliomaHumansMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRisk FactorsUnited KingdomUnited Statescentral nervous system neoplasmsdietfood and beveragesgliomanutrition

Identifiers

PMID30690490
PMCPMC6620629
OpenAlexW2914655101

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.